Questions and Answers
Which three major branches is modern science typically divided into, and what do they study?
Natural sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry, and biology) study the physical world; the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology) study individuals and societies; and the formal sciences (e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science) study formal systems, governed by axioms and rules.
What are applied sciences, and can you give examples of disciplines under this category?
Applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as in engineering and medicine. Examples of disciplines under this category include engineering and medicine.
What is the historical significance of Bronze Age Egypt and Mesopotamia in the context of modern science?
The earliest written records of identifiable predecessors to modern science date to Bronze Age Egypt and Mesopotamia from around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped the Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity.
What is the dispute regarding the formal sciences as science disciplines, and why?
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During which historical period were further advancements, including the introduction of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, made?
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