Science Chapter on Matter and Solids
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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe anything that has mass and takes up space?

  • Solid
  • Atom
  • Molecule
  • Matter (correct)

A physical change produces a new substance.

False (B)

What happens to the material in a can when it is crushed?

The amount of material remains unchanged.

Rusting is a type of ________ change that occurs when metals are exposed to oxygen.

<p>chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Element = A pure substance that cannot be broken down Compound = A substance formed from two or more elements chemically bonded Atom = The smallest unit of an element Molecule = A group of atoms bonded together</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification best describes strawberry jam?

<p>Liquid with high viscosity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Crystalline solids melt at a specific temperature.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of water allows a magnetized needle to lie on its surface?

<p>Surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

The particles in a solid are packed very closely together, and they vibrate in ______.

<p>place</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following materials with their corresponding properties:

<p>Ice = Solid Acetone = Liquid at room temperature Plastic from recycled bottles = Amorphous solid Zamboni = Machine for maintaining ice rinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the thermal energy of the ice while Chase and Bernice were ice-fishing?

<p>Stayed the same (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The temperature outside was warmer than the temperature in the gym, causing the air pressure in the basketballs to decrease.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a straight line on Kenneth's graph indicate about the relationship between the temperature and volume of gas?

<p>It indicates a direct relationship where the volume increases with an increase in temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a model of a lithium atom, three students represent _____ and wear signs with a '+'.

<p>Protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the signs worn by the students to the particles they represent in a lithium atom:

<ul> <li>= Protons 0 = Neutrons</li> </ul> <ul> <li>= Electrons</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is matter?

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It can be solid, liquid, or gas.

Physical Change vs. Chemical Change

A physical change alters the appearance of a substance but doesn't change its chemical composition (like melting ice). A chemical change creates a new substance with different properties (like burning wood).

What is an element?

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. It's made up of only one type of atom.

What is a compound?

A compound is made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

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What is a chemical change?

A chemical change is a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of a new substance with different properties.

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Amorphous Solid

A solid whose particles are arranged in a random, non-repeating pattern. Unlike crystalline solids, they don't have a specific melting point.

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Viscosity

The resistance of a fluid to flow. Higher viscosity means the fluid flows slowly (like honey), lower viscosity means it flows quickly (like water).

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Surface Tension

The force that holds liquid molecules together at the surface, creating a thin, elastic layer.

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States of Matter (Solid)

A state of matter where particles are tightly packed, vibrating in place. Solids have a definite shape and volume.

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Melting Point

The specific temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.

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What happens to ice at -4 degrees Celsius?

At -4 degrees Celsius, the ice is below its freezing point, so its thermal energy decreases, and some of the ice melts into water.

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What happens to water in cold air?

When water is exposed to cold air, it loses thermal energy, causing its temperature to decrease, and it eventually freezes into ice.

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Why do basketballs deflate in cold weather?

When the temperature decreases, the air molecules inside the basketball slow down and collide less frequently with the inside walls of the ball. This causes the pressure inside the ball to decrease, making it feel flat.

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What is the relationship between temperature and gas volume?

For a fixed amount of gas, the volume increases proportionally with the temperature (in Kelvin). This relationship is known as Charles's Law.

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What are the subatomic particles in an atom?

An atom consists of protons (positive charge), neutrons (no charge), and electrons (negative charge). The number of protons determines the element.

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Study Notes

Test Questions and Answers

  • Topic 1, Question 1: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

  • Topic 1, Question 2: Physical changes include boiling water, breaking ice, and carving a wooden statue.

  • Topic 1, Question 3: Crushing cans is a physical change because the amount of material in each can stays the same; only the form changes.

  • Topic 2, Question 1: Jam is an example of an amorphous solid, as it has a definite volume, but a variable shape.

  • Topic 2, Question 2: Recycled plastic bottles, when heated, are amorphous solids, and their particles are arranged far apart from each other. These solids melt at specific temperatures.

  • Topic 2, Question 3: Surface tension allows a needle to float on water.

  • Topic 2, Question 4: The particles in a solid are packed closely together, vibrating in place, and this gives solids a fixed volume and shape.

  • Topic 3, Question 7 (Multiple Choice): The best explanation for the change in basketballs is that the colder temperature outside causes the air inside to decrease in pressure.

  • Topic 3, Question 8 (Graph): At a temperature of 20K, the gas sample has a volume of 110 mL.

  • Topic 3, Question 1 (Multiple Choice): A neutron is an atomic particle with no charge.

  • Topic 3, Question 2 (Multiple Choice): Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

  • Topic 4, Question 1: A heterogeneous mixture has unevenly distributed components, while a homogeneous mixture has evenly distributed components.

  • Topic 4, Question 2: Water is the solvent, and sugar is a solute in grape juice.

  • Topic 3 (Further Questions, page 15): Plutonium (Pu) has an Atomic Mass of 244.064, Atomic Number 94, and Symbol Pu.

  • Topic 3 (Further Questions, page 15): Chlorine (Cl) has 17 Protons, 18 Neutrons, and 17 Electrons; Erbium (Er) has 68 Protons, 99 Neutrons, and 68 Electrons

  • Topic 4 (Balancing Equations, page 17): Example balancing equation responses are provided (N2→NH3, Pb(OH)2 + HCl→H2O + PbCL2, HNO3 + NaHCO3 → NaNO3 + H2O + CO2), missing components are provided in the questions.

  • Further Questions (Miscellaneous): This section includes a mix of other scientific concepts from the test.

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Semester 1 Test PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the properties of matter, physical changes, and the characteristics of solids through this quiz. Topics include amorphous solids, surface tension, and the behavior of particles in different states of matter. Perfect for students reviewing key concepts in physical science.

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