16 Questions
What is a satellite and what does it do?
A satellite is an object that revolves around a planet. It orbits the planet.
Explain what the phases of the moon are.
Phases of the moon are the changing shapes of the moon that we see from Earth.
Define a blue moon.
A blue moon is the second full moon in a month.
What is a new moon and when does it occur?
A new moon is when no moon can be seen from Earth.
Describe a full moon.
A full moon is when a perfectly round moon can be seen from Earth.
Explain what an eclipse is and how it occurs.
An eclipse is when shadows are formed due to the alignment of the Sun, Earth, and Moon in a straight line.
Why does the moon have extremes of temperatures?
There is no air and water on the moon, causing no atmosphere to block the heat of the sun. It becomes boiling hot during the day and freezing cold at night.
Why do we see different shapes of the moon? What is the name given to these shapes?
As the moon orbits the earth, different portions of its illuminated side are visible to us, creating different shapes known as phases of the moon.
Give reasons: a) Why do objects weigh less on the moon than they do on Earth?
Objects weigh less on the moon because the moon's gravity is one-sixth of Earth's gravity.
Give reasons: b) Why do astronauts need special suits when they go to space or the moon?
Astronauts need special suits in space or on the moon due to the lack of atmosphere to provide oxygen and protect them from extreme temperatures.
What is the purpose of astronauts wearing special space suits?
To protect themselves from harsh conditions, radiation, and enable them to float.
How does a solar eclipse differ from a lunar eclipse?
Solar eclipse: Moon blocks sunlight on Earth. Lunar eclipse: Earth's shadow covers the moon.
Describe how a solar eclipse occurs.
Moon comes between the sun and Earth, blocking sunlight and casting a shadow on Earth.
What defines a total solar eclipse?
When the sun is completely hidden by the moon's shadow (Umbra).
What is the difference between Umbra and Penumbra during a solar eclipse?
Umbra is when the sun is completely hidden by the moon's shadow. Penumbra is when some part of the sun is visible.
Why is it called a solar eclipse when the sun is hidden by the moon?
It is called a solar eclipse because the moon blocks the sunlight, casting a shadow on the Earth.
Study Notes
Space Suits
- Astronauts wear special suits called space suits to protect themselves from harsh conditions in space.
- Space suits create an Earth-like atmosphere for astronauts.
- They also protect astronauts from radiation in space and enable them to float.
Eclipses
- A solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes between the sun and the Earth.
- The moon blocks sunlight and casts its shadow on the Earth during a solar eclipse.
- A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth comes between the moon and the sun.
- The Earth casts its shadow on the moon during a lunar eclipse.
Solar Eclipse
- A solar eclipse occurs when the moon, Earth, and sun are in a straight line.
- The moon blocks sunlight and casts its shadow on the Earth.
- There are two types of solar eclipses: total and partial.
Types of Solar Eclipses
- A total solar eclipse, or umbra, occurs when the sun is completely hidden by the moon's shadow.
- A partial solar eclipse, or penumbra, occurs when the moon's shadow partially hides the sun.
Earth, Sun, and Moon
- A satellite is an object that revolves around a planet.
- The phases of the moon are the changing shapes of the moon that we see from the Earth.
- A blue moon is the second full moon in a month.
- A new moon occurs when no moon can be seen from the Earth.
- A full moon occurs when a perfectly round moon can be seen from the Earth.
- A gibbous moon occurs when three-quarter of the moon can be seen from the Earth.
Moon Characteristics
- The moon has many craters due to the absence of an atmosphere, which provides no protection from meteorites.
- The surface of the moon is made up of rocks and dust, with big mountains and deep craters.
- The moon has no water on its surface.
- The moon has extremes of temperatures, with boiling hot temperatures (around 100°C) during the day and freezing cold temperatures (around -150°C) at night.
- This is because the moon has no air or water to regulate its temperature.
Moon Phases
- The moon's phases are caused by its orbit around the Earth and its spin around its own axis.
- The same side of the moon always faces the Earth, and we see different shapes of the moon as it orbits the Earth.
Moon and Gravity
- Objects weigh less on the moon than on the Earth because the moon's gravity is one-sixth of the Earth's gravity.
Test your knowledge on the Earth, Sun, and Moon with this quiz covering important points such as satellites, phases of the moon, and more. This quiz is based on the notes provided for Chapter 8.
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