Science and Technology Through Ages

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary function of the Shadoof in ancient Egypt?

To irrigate land using counterweights (correct)

To store and preserve food products

To keep accurate time using mechanical means

To transport goods across long distances

Which invention enabled more accurate record-keeping before the use of papyrus?

Stone tablets and inscriptions (correct)

Mechanical clocks for timekeeping

Handwritten scrolls and letters

Books and printed materials

What does the Antikythera Mechanism primarily predict?

The phases of the moon only

Astronomical positions and eclipses (correct)

Weather patterns for navigation

The positions of planets in real-time

What societal need contributed to the development of industries during the 19th century?

Increased demand for faster communication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a significant achievement of Louis Pasteur?

The process of pasteurization Signup and view all the answers

What role did mechanical clocks play during the period of technological advancement?

Tracking time to improve work patterns Signup and view all the answers

What type of technology emerged as essential in the fields of weaponry and navigation during the Middle Ages?

Innovative mechanical devices and weapons Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable feature of the Aeolipile, also known as Hero’s engine?

It operated on steam power Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary material used in tools and weapons during the Bronze Age?

Copper and Bronze Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves extracting metal from ore, a significant development in the Bronze Age?

Smelting Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Paleolithic period of the Stone Age?

Hunter-gatherer lifestyle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was developed during the High Middle Ages?

The pinhole camera Signup and view all the answers

What is the time period known as the 'Dark Age' characterized by?

Lack of substantial scientific achievements Signup and view all the answers

What major transition marks the beginning of the Iron Age?

Smelting pits with higher temperature capabilities Signup and view all the answers

What are the divisions of the Paleolithic period based on John Lubbock's categorization?

Upper, Middle, Lower Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of the Middle Ages in Europe?

Discovery of electricity Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant development in communication during the period discussed?

Telephone Signup and view all the answers

Which invention demonstrated the importance of wing tilt for flight?

Engine powered airplane Signup and view all the answers

During the Neolithic period, what major activity did people begin to engage in?

Agriculture Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the first television invented by John Logie Baird is true?

It was mechanical. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Three-Age System classify?

Technological development Signup and view all the answers

Which development marks the beginning of the age of metal tools?

End of the Neolithic period Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Neolithic period?

Use of metal tools Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the consequences of the increase in population during this time?

More desire for real-time communication Signup and view all the answers

Where did the early settlers believed to be Homo sapiens come from?

Mainland Asia Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of establishing the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines?

To prepare for full independence Signup and view all the answers

Which bureau was NOT mentioned as part of the governmental structure in the content?

Bureau of Fisheries Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in the Philippines in 1933?

The establishment of the National Research Council of the Philippines Island Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions did the early settlers NOT form communities in?

Mindanao Signup and view all the answers

What incentive is provided upon completion of engagement according to Concepcion?

PHP500,000 Signup and view all the answers

What issue does Comiso identify regarding the publication rate for scientists in the Philippines?

It is generally low compared to neighboring countries. Signup and view all the answers

What does Comiso suggest is a barrier to researchers acquiring needed tools and equipment?

Bureaucratic impediments. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of researchers' workloads does Jamisola highlight in relation to those abroad?

They are more demanding than those abroad. Signup and view all the answers

Which position did Fortunato dela Peña hold?

Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology Signup and view all the answers

What does Comiso express concern about regarding the research program timeline?

It is often delayed due to bureaucratic challenges. Signup and view all the answers

Who is named as Professor Emerita in the content?

Lourdes T.Cruz Signup and view all the answers

Which is a reported trend among Balik Scientists mentioned by Comiso?

Their numbers might surpass the target for the year. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Science and Technology in Ancient Times

Papyrus was used for writing and record-keeping.
The shadoof, a hand-operated device, was invented for irrigation in ancient Egypt.
The Antikythera Mechanism, a complex astronomical device, was discovered in 1902.
The Aeolipile, a steam-powered turbine, was known as "Hero's Engine".

Science and Technology in the Middle Ages

The Middle Ages saw a significant increase in population after a period of decline due to wars.
Technological advancements were made in weaponry, navigation, food, and farm production.
Notable inventions of the period included the pinhole camera, soap, windmills, and surgical instruments.

Science and Technology in Modern Ages

The 19th century saw a rapid increase in population, leading to greater demand for goods and more efficient production methods.
Transportation, communication, and computing technologies improved greatly.
Pasteurization, a process for killing harmful bacteria in dairy products, was invented by Louis Pasteur.
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell to improve communication.
The airplane was invented by the Wright brothers.
Television was invented by John Logie Baird.

The Three Age System

The Three Age System classifies artifacts into three categories: Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.

The Stone Age (2.5 mya – 3000BC)

It was a time when tools and weapons were made from stone, wood, and bone.
Divided into Paleolithic (Old Stone) and Neolithic (New Stone) periods.

The Paleolithic (Old Stone) Period

The longest period in human history, starting approximately 2 million years ago.
Humans were hunter-gatherers and used stone tools for hunting and gathering food.
They were nomadic or semi-nomadic and had no permanent settlements.

The Mesolithic (Middle Stone) Period

Transition period between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods.
Marked by significant changes in human life, including the growth of forests and deserts and the shift from foraging to food production.

The Neolithic (New Stone) Period

Marked by the development of agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals.
This period saw the development of pottery, weaving, and settled villages.

The Bronze Age (300BC – 1200BC)

Tools and weapons began to be widely made from copper and bronze.
Smelting, the process of extracting copper and tin from ore, was discovered by the Sumerians of Mesopotamia.
Bronze was made by blending copper and tin.

The Iron Age (1500BC – 450AD)

Metalworking advanced and allowed for the production of iron tools and weapons.
The more advanced smelting processes allowed for higher temperatures to smelt iron ore.

The Middle Age (450 – 1450AD)

Divided into two smaller ages: the Dark Age (450-1000AD) and the High Middle Age (1000 – 1450AD).

The Dark Age (450 - 1000AD)

A period of relative decline in science, arts, and leadership.

The High Middle Age (1000 – 1450AD)

The rise of Islam influenced this period.
Significant technological advancements took place.

The Development of Science and Technology in the Philippines

The Bureau of Science was created in 1901 to conduct research and develop technologies.
The National Research Council of the Philippines was established in 1933.
The Commonwealth Government of the Philippines was enacted in 1935, beginning the country's transition to independence.
This time period saw the expansion of schools and the establishment of the National Economic Council to address economic and financial issues.

The Philippine Science and Technology Hall of Fame

The Philippine Science and Technology Hall of Fame recognizes outstanding Filipinos who made significant contributions to science and technology.
Some notable inductees include:
- Juan Salcedo Jr. (1988)
- Gregorio Y. Zara (1988)
- Emerita V. De Guzman (1999)
- Ramon C. Barba (2000)
- Angel C. Alcala (2001)
- Francisco O. Santos (2001)
- Edgardo D. Gomez (2003)
- William G. Padolina (2004)

Barriers to Advancement in Science and Technology in the Philippines

Low publication rates: Publications among Filipino scientists are generally lower than those in neighboring countries.
Bureaucratic obstacles: Research programs are often delayed due to bureaucratic impediments in acquiring necessary tools and equipment.
Heavy workload: Researchers in the Philippines often face heavier workloads compared to those abroad.
Lack of long-term benefits: Long-term benefits are often inadequate when applying for permanent positions.
Efforts to Address These Challenges
- The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is tackling these challenges.
- The DOST is increasing funding and implementing programs to improve equipment access and research support.
- An increasing trend among Balik Scientists has emerged.

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Description

Explore the evolution of science and technology from ancient times to the modern age. This quiz covers significant inventions and advancements that shaped various periods in history. Test your knowledge on topics ranging from the Antikythera Mechanism to modern computing.