Science and Technology in the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary reason for the dismal economic growth in the Philippines over the last 35 years?

Excessive foreign investment

Gaps in research and development (correct)

Sufficient budget allocations for science and technology

High levels of technological adaptation

How do corporations primarily use high technologies, according to the content?

For profit-driven production (correct)

For international collaboration

To support developing countries

To enhance social progress

Which of the following describes a major issue faced by developing countries in terms of technology?

They have advanced scientific capabilities.

They create their own innovative technologies.

They are often excluded from technological development. (correct)

They dominate the high-tech market.

What is a common practice among Philippine firms regarding technology, as highlighted in the content?

Importing foreign technology Signup and view all the answers

What has been a notable failure of past government policies concerning science and technology in the Philippines?

Improving economic productivity effectively Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plans does NOT fall under the S&T development plans mentioned?

The Green Technology Initiative Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the backwardness of science and technology in developing countries, according to the content?

Inefficiency in institutional arrangements Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the Philippine science and technology situation did several studies focus on?

Indicators in relation to economic productivity Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total export did food products represent in 2003?

4.47% Signup and view all the answers

Which industry group employed the highest number of persons in January 2003?

Services Signup and view all the answers

How many priority sectors did the Department of Trade and Industry identify to boost industry productivity?

10 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the food products manufacturing industry?

Electronics Signup and view all the answers

In the manufacturing sector, which category had the least number of employees in thousands?

Medium (100-199) Signup and view all the answers

How many persons were employed in the agriculture sector in January 2003?

11,146 thousand Signup and view all the answers

What was the employment figure for the construction sector in thousands?

1,578 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is identified as a priority sector in the country?

Electronics manufacturing Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary issue in the Philippines' use of science and technology?

Overreliance on foreign investments Signup and view all the answers

Which sector is largely absent in underdeveloped countries, contributing to their problems?

Manufacturing Sector Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the export-oriented nature of the Philippines' agriculture and mining?

Dependence on foreign markets Signup and view all the answers

What financial trend was observed from developing to developed countries between 1998 and 2002?

Increase in net capital transfer Signup and view all the answers

How does the lack of basic industries affect the development of science and technology manpower in the Philippines?

It leads to an inadequate number of skilled personnel. Signup and view all the answers

What does the concentration of control and ownership of existing firms in the Philippines indicate?

Limited local advancements in technology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a discussed problem related to S&T in the Philippines?

High technology exports Signup and view all the answers

Why is agriculture and mineral production in the Philippines described as geared for export?

It prioritizes raw product exports. Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage of GNP allocated to R&D expenditures in the Philippines in 1998?

0.3% Signup and view all the answers

Which sector accounted for more than 70% of total R&D expenditures in the Philippines from 1989 to 1992?

Government agencies Signup and view all the answers

What trend was observed in the R&D focus in the Philippines from 1989 to 1995?

Increased emphasis on applied research Signup and view all the answers

What was the contribution percentage of private industries to R&D expenditures from 1989 to 1992?

10% to 20% Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum percentage of GNP for R&D spending that UNESCO recommends for developing countries?

1% Signup and view all the answers

How much did the Philippine government spend on R&D in 1998 in US dollars?

P931.1 million Signup and view all the answers

What was the range of R&D expenditure as a percentage of GNP in the US from 1979 to 1984?

0.12% to 0.26% Signup and view all the answers

What was the trend in private industry expenditures on R&D from 1993 to 1996?

Hardly changed Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary industries before Spanish colonization in the Philippines?

Production of liquors and vinegars Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT an import to early Filipino communities?

Gunpowder Signup and view all the answers

What technological achievement is attributed to early Filipino societies?

Building of the Banawe Rice Terraces Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to the shift of control over local production systems during Spanish colonization?

Colonizers taking control of land and resources Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the Spanish appropriation of Philippine resources?

Minimization of local investment in technology Signup and view all the answers

What types of products were early Filipino communities trading?

Betel nuts, pearls, and tortoise shells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of early Filipino societies before colonization?

Societies with elements of slavery and serfdom Signup and view all the answers

Which system was largely impacted by Spanish colonization in the Philippines?

Political and economic production systems Signup and view all the answers

What was the total estimated national R&D expenditure in 1992?

2,940.55 million pesos Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research had the highest expenditure in 1992?

Total Research Signup and view all the answers

In 2003, how many patent applications were submitted by Filipinos?

125 Signup and view all the answers

What was the average number of scientists and engineers involved in R&D per million population from 1987 to 1997?

152 Signup and view all the answers

Which country had the highest number of patents granted to nationals in 2000 according to the data?

S.Korea Signup and view all the answers

How many technicians were estimated to be involved in R&D per million population?

22 Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the submission of more foreign patent applications compared to local ones?

Stronger technological innovation capacity Signup and view all the answers

What was the combined R&D expenditure for Basic and Applied Research in 1990?

1,491.82 million pesos Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

State of Science and Technology in the Philippines

The report, titled "Prometheus Bound," analyzes the state of science and technology (S&T) in the Philippines.
The report was produced by the Advocates of Science and Technology for the People (AGHAM) in 2005.
The report highlights the backward and stunted state of S&T in the Philippines.
It emphasizes the gap between scientific advancements and their tangible impact on improving the lives of Filipinos.
The report explores the relationship between science, technology, and society in the Philippines.
The report aims to understand the reasons why scientific knowledge and technologies developed globally don't translate to meaningful benefits for the majority of Filipinos.
It examines basic industries, manufacturing, agriculture, and other relevant sectors to understand the S&T landscape.
The document also includes a table of contents, list of tables, and a list of references.

Backward and Stunted State of S&T

The Philippines experiences significant gaps in research and development (R&D).
The country has limited industrial activity, with a majority of the workforce engaged in agriculture.
Its industrial sector relies heavily on foreign ownership and technology, resulting in limited technology transfer.
The export-oriented nature of the country's economy prioritizes the extraction and export of raw materials instead of in-country processing.
This creates a cycle where the nation's S&T development doesn't improve the majority of people's lives.
The report details the low levels of S&T indicators, despite the presence of skilled scientists and engineers in the country.
These skilled individuals find it difficult to apply their expertise and innovate within the current system.

S&T Education

The report notes a lack of skilled technical and scientific workforce.
Despite the high number of graduates in science and engineering, many are employed in non-technical fields or abroad.
Further, the educational system is a major factor because of mismatch between the needs of the industrial sector and what the system produces.
The number of skilled S&T professionals is insufficient to drive meaningful industrialization.

Research and Development

Basic research is underdeveloped, while applied research is slightly better.
There is a greater emphasis on applied research over basic research.
The involvement of private firms in R&D is limited compared to government-funded initiatives.
This deficiency contributes to the inability of scientists to address the nation's specific needs.
Foreign technology is more commonly used, highlighting a dependence on external resources.

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Description

This quiz explores the state of science and technology (S&T) in the Philippines, as analyzed in the report 'Prometheus Bound' by AGHAM. It discusses the challenges and gaps between global scientific advancements and their impacts on Filipino society. The content covers various sectors including manufacturing and agriculture, aiming to understand the overall S&T landscape in the country.