Science and Contributions of Indian Scientists

A renowned Indian mathematician best known for his contributions to number theory, particularly his work on partitions, infinite series, and continued fractions. He made significant advances in mathematical analysis, including the theory of elliptic functions and modular forms. Ramanujan's work was characterized by its originality and depth, often expressed in a highly intuitive and unconventional manner.

Born in 1887, Ramanujan was a self-taught mathematical genius. His innate understanding of numbers led him to develop groundbreaking concepts in number theory. Despite limited formal education, his work earned him recognition and collaboration with renowned mathematicians like G.H. Hardy.

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, popularly known as C.V. Raman, was a brilliant Indian physicist who won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for his groundbreaking discovery of the 'Raman Effect.' He was the first Asian to receive this prestigious award.

C.V. Raman's discovery of the "Raman Effect" revolutionized our understanding of light and matter interaction. When light passes through a transparent medium, it interacts with molecules, resulting in a change in its wavelength. This phenomenon, known as the 'Raman Effect,' provided a powerful tool for studying the structure of molecules.

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose was a pioneering Indian physicist, biologist, and botanist. He was an early pioneer in researching plant responses to stimuli and wireless communication. He made significant contributions to the study of plant physiology, demonstrating their ability to exhibit sensitivity, movement, and communication, challenging the traditional view of plants as passive organisms.

Another great scientist of modern India, J.C. Bose is renowned for his invention of an apparatus to study electric waves. His work paved the way for advancements in wireless telegraphy and radio communication. His scientific contributions helped establish India's position as a leader in technological innovation.

The first indigenous launch vehicle developed by India was the SLV-3, and it was used to launch Rohini satellites into orbit.

The INSAT-1B satellite, launched in the early 1980s, played a vital role in revolutionizing India's television broadcasting and telecommunications sectors.

Remote sensing satellites are equipped with specialized cameras and radars that capture images and data from space, providing valuable information for various applications.

Communication, weather, and remote sensing satellites all contribute to making our lives easier, safer, and more informed.

Scientific satellites, like those launched by ISRO, are designed to gather data and conduct research about the universe, expanding our understanding of space.

Chandrayaan-1 marked India's achievement in becoming the fifth country to successfully put a spacecraft into lunar orbit, following the United States, Soviet Union, Japan, and China.

The SLV-3, India's first indigenous launch vehicle, utilized four stages of solid rocket propulsion, allowing it to launch satellites into space.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, a prominent figure in India's space program, led the team that developed the SLV-3. He later became India's president, inspiring generations with his achievements.

India's space exploration program has been characterized by significant achievements, including the development of indigenous launch vehicles, the deployment of various types of satellites for diverse purposes, and the successful launch of the Chandrayaan-1 lunar mission.

A force that pulls everything towards the center of the Earth.

A force that opposes the motion of an object, causing it to slow down or stop.

A measure of how strongly gravity pulls on you. It is measured in Newtons.

A tall, thin, round vehicle with engines that is used to transport satellites and other objects into space.

The main source of energy for life on Earth. It provides heat and light that plants use to grow.

India's first lunar mission, launched in 2008, aimed to explore the Moon's surface with an orbiter and an impactor. It contributed significantly to India's space program by showcasing India's technological capabilities.

The Chandrayaan-1 orbiter was successfully inserted into lunar orbit on November 8, 2008.

India's second lunar mission, launched in 2019, aimed to explore the Moon with an orbiter, a lander, and a rover to understand the Moon's surface and locate water.

Chandrayan-2 was launched on July 22, 2019, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in India.

The planned orbit of Chandrayaan-2 had a perigee of 169.7 km and an apogee of 45475 km.

The lander of Chandrayaan-2 crashed onto the Moon's surface due to a loss of control during the final descent phase.

India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, was launched in 2013 and successfully reached Mars' orbit in 2014. It aimed to explore the Martian atmosphere and surface.

The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) was launched on November 5, 2013, by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) successfully reached Mars orbit on September 24, 2014.

The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), or Mangalyaan, signifies India's prowess in space exploration, particularly in reaching Mars, a major achievement in space technology.

The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was a United States federal agency that conducted aeronautical research from 1915 to 1958. NACA played a vital role in advancing the development of aircraft and space technology.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the United States government agency responsible for the civilian space program, aeronautics research, and space exploration.

The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) is a group of premier medical institutes in India. They are renowned for their advanced medical education, research, and healthcare services.

The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) is a body that regulates and promotes the development of atomic energy for peaceful purposes.

The Aryabhata Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) is an astronomical observatory and research center located in Nainital, India. It is named after the renowned Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata.

The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is a nuclear research facility located in Mumbai, India. It is named after the prominent Indian physicist Homi Jehangir Bhabha.

The Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) is a premier institute for pharmaceutical research and development located in Lucknow, India.

The Central Mining Research Institute (CMRI) is an institute specializing in research and development for the mining industry in India. It is located in Dhanbad, Jharkhand.

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a fuel consisting of natural gas that has been compressed to a high pressure for practical use.

The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) is a government organization responsible for promoting scientific research and development in India.