Science 6: States of Matter
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Questions and Answers

What happens to particles when a solid melts?

  • They move closer together.
  • They increase their motion and break away from each other. (correct)
  • They become negatively charged.
  • They remain stationary.

    • The outermost electron shell of an atom can hold up to 18 electrons.

    False

    What is the charge of a neutron?

    no charge

    When liquids evaporate, they change into __________.

    <p>gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the identity of an element?

    <p>The number of protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All matter can be broken down into 118 different basic elements.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three subatomic particles of an atom.

    <p>proton, neutron, electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Proton = Positively charged particle in the nucleus Electron = Negatively charged particle surrounding the nucleus Neutron = Particle with no charge located in the nucleus Atomic Number = Number of protons in an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compound?

    <p>A substance that contains two or more different elements chemically bonded together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Seawater is a pure substance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when atoms share pairs of electrons?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a water molecule, oxygen shares electrons with _____ hydrogen atom(s).

    <p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Covalent Bond = Atoms sharing pairs of electrons Mixture = Substances not chemically bonded Compound = Substance with two or more elements chemically bonded Electron shell = Region surrounding an atom's nucleus that holds electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about electron shells is true?

    <p>Most atoms require 8 electrons for stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In covalent bonding, only two atoms can participate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one element found in seawater besides water.

    <p>Sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, glucose, or any other element listed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a subscript in a chemical formula indicate?

    <p>The number of atoms of that element in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    No subscript in a chemical formula indicates that there is more than one atom of that element present.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of diagrams used to illustrate covalent bonds?

    <p>Dot and cross diagrams, line diagrams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elements in group 6 have _____ valence electrons.

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their number of outer electrons:

    <p>Carbon, C = 4 Nitrogen, N = 5 Oxygen, O = 6 Chlorine, Cl = 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which group of the periodic table do elements have 2 valence electrons?

    <p>Group 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Covalent bonds can only be formed between non-metal atoms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many covalent bonds can a nitrogen atom typically form?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by overlapping circles around the symbols of atoms in a covalent bond?

    <p>Outermost shell of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nitrogen molecule (N2) shares one pair of electrons between its two nitrogen atoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons does a nitrogen atom have?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ionic bonds form when a metal atom ______ electrons to a nonmetal atom.

    <p>gives up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules has a linear structure due to its double bonds?

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general rule for atoms in ionic bonding regarding their outer shell?

    <p>To achieve a full outer shell of 8 electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following chemical formulas with their respective compounds:

    <p>H2O = Water CO2 = Carbon Dioxide N2 = Diatomic Nitrogen C6H12O6 = Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons?

    <p>Cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cation has a negative charge.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ion is formed when an atom gains electrons?

    <p>Anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sodium chloride is an example of a compound formed through __________ bonding.

    <p>ionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of a sodium ion (Na)?

    <p>1+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ions with their charges:

    <p>Sodium ion = 1+ Chlorine ion = 1- Calcium ion = 2+ Carbonate ion = 2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do large crystal lattice structures formed by ionic bonding consist of?

    <p>Ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one compound that is formed from ionic bonds.

    <p>Sodium chloride or Calcium carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    States of Matter

    • Gases have no particle connections and are in constant, random motion.
    • Gases exist at higher temperatures than solids and liquids.
    • Heating increases particle motion, causing solids to melt into liquids and liquids to evaporate into gases.
    • Cooling decreases particle motion, leading to gases condensing into liquids and liquids freezing into solids.

    Atomic Structure

    • Matter consists of 118 elements, with atoms as the smallest units retaining element properties.
    • Atoms comprise protons (positive charge), neutrons (no charge), and electrons (negative charge).
    • Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons occupy outer electron shells.
    • The identity of an element is defined by its number of protons, referred to as the Atomic Number.

    Electron Shells

    • Electron shells have specific capacities: 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, and 18 in the third shell.
    • The outermost shell can hold a maximum of 8 electrons for stability, except hydrogen and helium, which can hold 2.

    Compounds and Seawater

    • Water (H2O) is a compound made of two hydrogen and one oxygen atom.
    • Compounds exhibit different properties from their individual elements.
    • Seawater is a mixture containing various substances such as water, sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and glucose.

    Atomic Bonding

    • Atoms bond to achieve stable outer electron configurations, mainly by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
    • Covalent bonds form when atoms share electron pairs to fill outer shells.
    • Water is an example of a covalent molecule, with oxygen sharing electrons with hydrogen to complete their outer shells.

    Chemical Formulas and Representations

    • Coefficients indicate the number of molecules, while subscripts denote the number of atoms in a molecule.
    • Covalent bonds can be illustrated through dot and cross diagrams or line diagrams showcasing shared electrons.

    Ionic Bonds

    • Ionic bonds occur when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve full outer shells, resulting in positive (cation) or negative (anion) ions.
    • Ionic bonds form through the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.
    • Sodium (Na) transfers an electron to chlorine (Cl), resulting in the formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) through ionic bonding.

    Crystal Lattices

    • Ionic compounds form large crystal lattice structures due to the repeating arrangement of cations and anions, exemplified by sodium chloride and calcium carbonate.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of states of matter in this quiz. Discover the properties of solids, liquids, and gases, and how temperature affects their behavior. Test your knowledge on phase changes and the connections between particle motion and matter states.

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