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Questions and Answers
What happens to particles when a solid melts?
What happens to particles when a solid melts?
- They move closer together.
- They increase their motion and break away from each other. (correct)
- They become negatively charged.
- They remain stationary.
The outermost electron shell of an atom can hold up to 18 electrons.
The outermost electron shell of an atom can hold up to 18 electrons.
False (B)
What is the charge of a neutron?
What is the charge of a neutron?
no charge
When liquids evaporate, they change into __________.
When liquids evaporate, they change into __________.
What determines the identity of an element?
What determines the identity of an element?
All matter can be broken down into 118 different basic elements.
All matter can be broken down into 118 different basic elements.
Name the three subatomic particles of an atom.
Name the three subatomic particles of an atom.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
What is a compound?
What is a compound?
Seawater is a pure substance.
Seawater is a pure substance.
What type of bond is formed when atoms share pairs of electrons?
What type of bond is formed when atoms share pairs of electrons?
In a water molecule, oxygen shares electrons with _____ hydrogen atom(s).
In a water molecule, oxygen shares electrons with _____ hydrogen atom(s).
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Which of the following statements about electron shells is true?
Which of the following statements about electron shells is true?
In covalent bonding, only two atoms can participate.
In covalent bonding, only two atoms can participate.
Name one element found in seawater besides water.
Name one element found in seawater besides water.
What does a subscript in a chemical formula indicate?
What does a subscript in a chemical formula indicate?
No subscript in a chemical formula indicates that there is more than one atom of that element present.
No subscript in a chemical formula indicates that there is more than one atom of that element present.
What are the two types of diagrams used to illustrate covalent bonds?
What are the two types of diagrams used to illustrate covalent bonds?
Elements in group 6 have _____ valence electrons.
Elements in group 6 have _____ valence electrons.
Match the following elements with their number of outer electrons:
Match the following elements with their number of outer electrons:
In which group of the periodic table do elements have 2 valence electrons?
In which group of the periodic table do elements have 2 valence electrons?
Covalent bonds can only be formed between non-metal atoms.
Covalent bonds can only be formed between non-metal atoms.
How many covalent bonds can a nitrogen atom typically form?
How many covalent bonds can a nitrogen atom typically form?
What is represented by overlapping circles around the symbols of atoms in a covalent bond?
What is represented by overlapping circles around the symbols of atoms in a covalent bond?
A nitrogen molecule (N2) shares one pair of electrons between its two nitrogen atoms.
A nitrogen molecule (N2) shares one pair of electrons between its two nitrogen atoms.
How many valence electrons does a nitrogen atom have?
How many valence electrons does a nitrogen atom have?
Ionic bonds form when a metal atom ______ electrons to a nonmetal atom.
Ionic bonds form when a metal atom ______ electrons to a nonmetal atom.
Which of the following molecules has a linear structure due to its double bonds?
Which of the following molecules has a linear structure due to its double bonds?
Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
What is the general rule for atoms in ionic bonding regarding their outer shell?
What is the general rule for atoms in ionic bonding regarding their outer shell?
Match the following chemical formulas with their respective compounds:
Match the following chemical formulas with their respective compounds:
What is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons?
What is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons?
A cation has a negative charge.
A cation has a negative charge.
What type of ion is formed when an atom gains electrons?
What type of ion is formed when an atom gains electrons?
Sodium chloride is an example of a compound formed through __________ bonding.
Sodium chloride is an example of a compound formed through __________ bonding.
What is the charge of a sodium ion (Na)?
What is the charge of a sodium ion (Na)?
Match the following ions with their charges:
Match the following ions with their charges:
What do large crystal lattice structures formed by ionic bonding consist of?
What do large crystal lattice structures formed by ionic bonding consist of?
Name one compound that is formed from ionic bonds.
Name one compound that is formed from ionic bonds.
Study Notes
States of Matter
- Gases have no particle connections and are in constant, random motion.
- Gases exist at higher temperatures than solids and liquids.
- Heating increases particle motion, causing solids to melt into liquids and liquids to evaporate into gases.
- Cooling decreases particle motion, leading to gases condensing into liquids and liquids freezing into solids.
Atomic Structure
- Matter consists of 118 elements, with atoms as the smallest units retaining element properties.
- Atoms comprise protons (positive charge), neutrons (no charge), and electrons (negative charge).
- Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons occupy outer electron shells.
- The identity of an element is defined by its number of protons, referred to as the Atomic Number.
Electron Shells
- Electron shells have specific capacities: 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, and 18 in the third shell.
- The outermost shell can hold a maximum of 8 electrons for stability, except hydrogen and helium, which can hold 2.
Compounds and Seawater
- Water (H2O) is a compound made of two hydrogen and one oxygen atom.
- Compounds exhibit different properties from their individual elements.
- Seawater is a mixture containing various substances such as water, sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and glucose.
Atomic Bonding
- Atoms bond to achieve stable outer electron configurations, mainly by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
- Covalent bonds form when atoms share electron pairs to fill outer shells.
- Water is an example of a covalent molecule, with oxygen sharing electrons with hydrogen to complete their outer shells.
Chemical Formulas and Representations
- Coefficients indicate the number of molecules, while subscripts denote the number of atoms in a molecule.
- Covalent bonds can be illustrated through dot and cross diagrams or line diagrams showcasing shared electrons.
Ionic Bonds
- Ionic bonds occur when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve full outer shells, resulting in positive (cation) or negative (anion) ions.
- Ionic bonds form through the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.
- Sodium (Na) transfers an electron to chlorine (Cl), resulting in the formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) through ionic bonding.
Crystal Lattices
- Ionic compounds form large crystal lattice structures due to the repeating arrangement of cations and anions, exemplified by sodium chloride and calcium carbonate.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of states of matter in this quiz. Discover the properties of solids, liquids, and gases, and how temperature affects their behavior. Test your knowledge on phase changes and the connections between particle motion and matter states.
