Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary driver of shoulder girdle movement?
What is the primary driver of shoulder girdle movement?
- Humerus rotation
- Clavicular movement
- Rib cage expansion
- Scapular movement (correct)
Which movement is described by the scapula moving laterally away from the midline?
Which movement is described by the scapula moving laterally away from the midline?
- Adduction (Retraction)
- Abduction (Protraction) (correct)
- Elevation
- Depression
During arm elevation, what scapular movement occurs?
During arm elevation, what scapular movement occurs?
- Downward Rotation
- Depression
- Adduction (Retraction)
- Upward Rotation (correct)
Which anatomical landmark is most important to observe when determining scapular rotation?
Which anatomical landmark is most important to observe when determining scapular rotation?
What scapular movement occurs when pinching the shoulder blades together?
What scapular movement occurs when pinching the shoulder blades together?
If someone shrugs their shoulders, which scapular movement is primarily involved?
If someone shrugs their shoulders, which scapular movement is primarily involved?
What scapular movement returns the arm to the side after it has been raised overhead?
What scapular movement returns the arm to the side after it has been raised overhead?
Which of the following best describes the position of the glenoid fossa during upward rotation of the scapula?
Which of the following best describes the position of the glenoid fossa during upward rotation of the scapula?
Why is scapular stabilization crucial for proper shoulder joint function?
Why is scapular stabilization crucial for proper shoulder joint function?
During which scapular movement does the inferior angle of the scapula move superolaterally?
During which scapular movement does the inferior angle of the scapula move superolaterally?
Which movement is an example of scapular adduction (retraction)?
Which movement is an example of scapular adduction (retraction)?
If a person is performing a shoulder shrug, which scapular movement is primarily involved?
If a person is performing a shoulder shrug, which scapular movement is primarily involved?
Why are movements at the glenohumeral joint often dysfunctional when the shoulder girdle is unstable?
Why are movements at the glenohumeral joint often dysfunctional when the shoulder girdle is unstable?
Consider someone reaching for an object in front of them. Which scapular movement is primarily involved in this action?
Consider someone reaching for an object in front of them. Which scapular movement is primarily involved in this action?
An athlete is performing a pull-up. As they lower themselves from the bar, which scapular motion is occurring?
An athlete is performing a pull-up. As they lower themselves from the bar, which scapular motion is occurring?
During which of the following actions is scapular depression most likely to occur prominently?
During which of the following actions is scapular depression most likely to occur prominently?
Which of the following is the MOST accurate distinction between the shoulder girdle and the glenohumeral joint?
Which of the following is the MOST accurate distinction between the shoulder girdle and the glenohumeral joint?
During a physical therapy session, a patient is asked to perform a shoulder shrug, raising both shoulders towards their ears. Which specific movement of the scapula is primarily involved in this action?
During a physical therapy session, a patient is asked to perform a shoulder shrug, raising both shoulders towards their ears. Which specific movement of the scapula is primarily involved in this action?
A patient presents with pain at the point where their clavicle meets the acromion of the scapula. Which ligament is MOST likely to be involved if the injury is a sprain?
A patient presents with pain at the point where their clavicle meets the acromion of the scapula. Which ligament is MOST likely to be involved if the injury is a sprain?
If a weightlifter is performing a bench press, bringing the barbell down towards their chest, what scapular motion is MOST likely occurring as they lower the weight?
If a weightlifter is performing a bench press, bringing the barbell down towards their chest, what scapular motion is MOST likely occurring as they lower the weight?
During a baseball pitch, what movements at the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints are MOST important for allowing the scapula to move freely on the rib cage?
During a baseball pitch, what movements at the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints are MOST important for allowing the scapula to move freely on the rib cage?
A surgeon is planning an approach to repair a tear in a muscle that attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description and location of the coracoid process?
A surgeon is planning an approach to repair a tear in a muscle that attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description and location of the coracoid process?
A cyclist is recovering from a crash where they landed directly on their shoulder. The doctor suspects a possible injury to the joint that connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton. Which joint is MOST likely affected?
A cyclist is recovering from a crash where they landed directly on their shoulder. The doctor suspects a possible injury to the joint that connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton. Which joint is MOST likely affected?
During an anatomical study, a student identifies the medial border of the scapula. What is the PRIMARY functional significance of the medial border?
During an anatomical study, a student identifies the medial border of the scapula. What is the PRIMARY functional significance of the medial border?
Why is scapular stabilization important for overall shoulder function?
Why is scapular stabilization important for overall shoulder function?
Which movement describes the action of bringing the scapula closer to the spine?
Which movement describes the action of bringing the scapula closer to the spine?
If a person shrugs their shoulders, which scapular movement is primarily being demonstrated?
If a person shrugs their shoulders, which scapular movement is primarily being demonstrated?
What is the primary focus when trying to differentiate between upward and downward rotation of the scapula?
What is the primary focus when trying to differentiate between upward and downward rotation of the scapula?
A patient is asked to reach forward to grab an object. Which scapular movement is most directly involved in performing this action?
A patient is asked to reach forward to grab an object. Which scapular movement is most directly involved in performing this action?
What key characteristic distinguishes the muscles responsible for shoulder girdle movement from those responsible for glenohumeral (shoulder joint) movement?
What key characteristic distinguishes the muscles responsible for shoulder girdle movement from those responsible for glenohumeral (shoulder joint) movement?
If an individual is performing a lat pulldown exercise, pulling the bar down towards their chest, which scapular movement is occurring as they bring their elbows towards their body?
If an individual is performing a lat pulldown exercise, pulling the bar down towards their chest, which scapular movement is occurring as they bring their elbows towards their body?
A baseball player is throwing a ball. Which combination of scapular movements is MOST crucial for this overhead motion?
A baseball player is throwing a ball. Which combination of scapular movements is MOST crucial for this overhead motion?
During a seated row exercise, which muscles are primarily responsible for the retraction of the scapula?
During a seated row exercise, which muscles are primarily responsible for the retraction of the scapula?
Which muscle is MOST important in preventing scapular winging and facilitating overhead movements without impingement?
Which muscle is MOST important in preventing scapular winging and facilitating overhead movements without impingement?
If a patient has difficulty shrugging their shoulders, which muscle is MOST likely impaired?
If a patient has difficulty shrugging their shoulders, which muscle is MOST likely impaired?
Which of the following exercises would be MOST effective in targeting the serratus anterior?
Which of the following exercises would be MOST effective in targeting the serratus anterior?
A gymnast performing a handstand relies heavily on upward rotation of the scapula. Which group of muscles is primarily responsible for this movement?
A gymnast performing a handstand relies heavily on upward rotation of the scapula. Which group of muscles is primarily responsible for this movement?
Which action is the subclavius primarily responsible for?
Which action is the subclavius primarily responsible for?
During the lowering phase of a lat pulldown (returning to the starting position), which scapular movement is occurring, and which muscles are primarily responsible?
During the lowering phase of a lat pulldown (returning to the starting position), which scapular movement is occurring, and which muscles are primarily responsible?
Flashcards
Shoulder Girdle
Shoulder Girdle
The scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle (collarbone).
Sternum (Manubrium)
Sternum (Manubrium)
Connects the clavicle to axial skeleton.
Clavicle (Collarbone)
Clavicle (Collarbone)
Connects the sternum to scapula.
Acromion Process
Acromion Process
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Glenoid Fossa (Cavity)
Glenoid Fossa (Cavity)
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Medial Border (Scapula)
Medial Border (Scapula)
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Sternal End (Clavicle)
Sternal End (Clavicle)
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Elevation/Depression (Scapula)
Elevation/Depression (Scapula)
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Scapular Elevation
Scapular Elevation
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Scapular Depression
Scapular Depression
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Scapular Abduction (Protraction)
Scapular Abduction (Protraction)
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Scapular Adduction (Retraction)
Scapular Adduction (Retraction)
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Scapular Upward Rotation
Scapular Upward Rotation
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Scapular Downward Rotation
Scapular Downward Rotation
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Abduction (Protraction) Action
Abduction (Protraction) Action
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Adduction (Retraction) Action
Adduction (Retraction) Action
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Scapular Stabilization
Scapular Stabilization
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Shoulder Girdle Muscles
Shoulder Girdle Muscles
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Scapular vs. Glenohumeral Movement
Scapular vs. Glenohumeral Movement
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Separate Muscle Groups
Separate Muscle Groups
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Shoulder Girdle Importance
Shoulder Girdle Importance
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Trapezius Actions
Trapezius Actions
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Levator Scapulae Action
Levator Scapulae Action
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Rhomboids Actions
Rhomboids Actions
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Serratus Anterior Actions
Serratus Anterior Actions
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Pectoralis Minor Actions
Pectoralis Minor Actions
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Serratus Anterior, Trapezius Actions
Serratus Anterior, Trapezius Actions
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Downward Rotation Muscles
Downward Rotation Muscles
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Study Notes
- Shoulder girdle isn't the same as the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)
- Shoulder girdle consists of the scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle (collarbone)
- Glenohumeral Joint is a ball-and-socket joint between the humerus and scapula (glenoid fossa)
Key Bones
- Sternum (Manubrium) connects the clavicle to the axial skeleton
- Clavicle (Collarbone) connects the sternum to the scapula
- Scapula (Shoulder Blade) glides along the rib cage and moves with the clavicle
Ligaments of the Shoulder Girdle
- Acromioclavicular Ligament
- Trapezoid Ligament
- Conoid Ligament
- Costoclavicular Ligament
- Anterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
- These ligaments link the clavicle, scapula, and sternum which allows for coordinated movement within the shoulder girdle
Key Bony Landmarks (Scapula)
- Coracoid Process (Anterior) provides attachment for muscles that elevate and depress the scapula
- Acromion Process (Posterior) forms the Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint with the clavicle
- The Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint is a common site for injuries (e.g., AC joint separation)
- Glenoid Fossa (Cavity) articulates with the humerus to form the Glenohumeral Joint (ball-and-socket)
- Medial Border provides an attachment for muscles that pull the scapula together
- Lateral Border is important for muscle leverage
- Inferior Angle acts a rotation point for muscles
Key Bony Landmarks (Clavicle)
- Sternal End articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the Sternoclavicular Joint
- Acromial End articulates with the acromion process at the Acromioclavicular Joint
Clavicle Movement
- Clavicle rotates front to back and moves up and down during shoulder motions
Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
- Sternoclavicular Joint serves as the primary link between the axial skeleton and the upper extremity and allows rolling and pivoting of the clavicle
- Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint provides some independent motion for the scapula relative to the clavicle
Shoulder Girdle Movements
- Elevation/Depression: Upward and downward scapular motion
- Protraction/Retraction: Lateral (side-to-side) motion
- Rotation: Scapula rotates along the rib cage
- Movement at the scapula is linked to movement at both the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints
- Joint motion at these points allows the scapula to move freely along the rib cage
- Shoulder girdle movement is essentially scapular movement
Scapular Movements
- Elevation moves the scapula superiorly (straight up)
- Depression moves the scapula inferiorly (straight down)
- Abduction (Protraction) moves the scapula laterally away from the midline (toward the side of the body)
- Adduction (Retraction) moves the scapula medially toward the spinal column (pinching the shoulder blades together)
- Upward Rotation occurs when the inferior angle of the scapula moves laterally and upward
- Downward Rotation occurs when the inferior angle moves inferomedially (back toward the spinal column) when the arm returns to your side
- To identify upward or downward rotation, focus on the inferior angle of the scapula - If it moves laterally and upward, that's upward rotation - If it moves back toward the spine, that's downward rotation
Movements in Action
- Abduction/Protraction involves the scapula moving laterally away from the spinal column, like when "pushing forward"
- Adduction/Retraction involves the scapula moving medially toward the spinal column, like when pinching shoulder blades together
- Elevation involves the scapula moving straight up, such as a shoulder shrug
- Depression involves the scapula moving straight down, returning from an elevated position
- The glenoid fossa tilts upward, and the inferior angle moves superolaterally during upward rotation
- Downward rotation is the reverse, bringing the inferior angle back inferomedially
Scapular vs. Shoulder Joint Muscles
- Scapular movement is separate from glenohumeral (shoulder joint) movement
- Different muscle groups handle scapular movements versus shoulder joint (glenohumeral) movements
- Muscles that cause upward rotation of the scapula aren't responsible for arm abduction at the glenohumeral joint
- Scapular stabilization is critical for proper shoulder joint function
- When the shoulder girdle isn't stable, shoulder joint movements can become dysfunctional
- Stabilizing muscles form a strong base for the shoulder joint to move through its full range of motion
Shoulder Girdle Muscles
- Shoulder girdle movement is scapular movement (not much movement driven by the clavicle)
- Muscles moving the scapula also cause shoulder girdle movement
- Focus is on scapular muscles and their role in movement
- Five primary muscles are involved in shoulder girdle movements, originating from the axial skeleton and inserting on the scapula and/or clavicle
- These muscles do not attach to the humerus and do not cause shoulder joint (glenohumeral) actions
- Shoulder girdle muscles provide dynamic stability of the scapula for complex shoulder joint movements
- Proper shoulder girdle movement is essential for overhead activities and injury prevention
Primary Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle
- Trapezius consists of upper, middle, and lower fibers and is involved in most scapular movements, especially upward rotation and retraction - Upper fibers: elevation, head extension/rotation - Middle fibers: retraction (adduction) and upward rotation - Lower fibers: depression, upward rotation
- Levator Scapulae performs elevation of the scapula - Mnemonic: "Levator" = elevator → lifts the scapula
- Rhomboids (Major and Minor) perform retraction (adduction), downward rotation, and slight elevation
- They pull the scapula toward the spine and stabilize it during rowing movements
- Serratus Anterior performs protraction (abduction) and upward rotation - Prevents scapular winging and allows overhead movements without impingement
- Pectoralis Minor performs depression, protraction (abduction), and downward rotation
- Stabilizes and moves the scapula anteriorly
- Subclavius stabilizes the sternoclavicular joint and assists with depression of the scapula via the clavicle
Key Movements and Muscle Contributions
- Scapular Elevation is performed by the levator scapulae, upper trapezius, and middle trapezius
- Scapular Retraction (Adduction) is performed by the middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and rhomboids
- Scapular Protraction (Abduction) is performed by the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor
- Upward Rotation is performed by the serratus anterior, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius
- Downward Rotation is performed by Rhomboids and pectoralis minor
- Scapular Depression is performed by the lower trapezius, pectoralis minor, and subclavius
Important Functional Notes
- Serratus Anterior Dysfunction can lead to scapular winging and an increased risk of shoulder impingement
- Trapezius Dysfunction can lead to poor scapular control, limited upward rotation, and shoulder instability
- Pectoralis Minor is often tight in individuals with poor posture, which contributes to scapular protraction and forward shoulder posture
Scapular Muscle and Glenohumeral Muscle Summary
- Separate muscle groups handle scapular and shoulder joint (glenohumeral) movements
- Scapular stabilization is crucial for proper shoulder joint function
- Weakness or unstable scapular muscles → Dysfunctional shoulder movement and impingement risks
- Scapular movement often occurs alongside shoulder joint movement which are caused by different muscles
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Description
Test your knowledge of scapular movements like protraction, retraction, upward rotation, and their role in shoulder joint function. Understand how these movements contribute to arm elevation and overall shoulder stability.
