Sampling in Research
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the sampling error as the sample size decreases?

  • Sampling error becomes negligible.
  • Sampling error decreases proportionately.
  • Sampling error increases. (correct)
  • Sampling error remains constant.

    • Which of the following is NOT a major probability sampling method?

  • Stratified random sampling
  • Simple random sampling
  • Judgmental sampling (correct)
  • Cluster sampling

    • What is a key characteristic of nonprobability sampling methods?

  • They rely on random selection.
  • They are always more accurate than probability sampling.
  • They ensure every individual has an equal chance of selection.
  • They do not allow for the assessment of selection probability. (correct)

    • Which technique is an example of nonprobability sampling?

    <p>Quota sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sampling involves selecting subjects based on specific characteristics or criteria?

    <p>Judgmental sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be known to the investigator when using probability sampling methods?

    <p>The size of the parent population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement for each element in a population in probability sampling methods?

    <p>Each element must have an equal chance of selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a positive aspect of probability sampling methods?

    <p>Samples obtained are generally representative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when the population studied is considered infinite?

    <p>The ability to calculate probabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by sampling error in the context of probability sampling?

    <p>The deviation of sample characteristics from the parent population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of probability sampling methods?

    <p>Utilizes subjective judgment in sample selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sampling error is generally inherent in probability sampling methods?

    <p>Limited representation of the total population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In probability sampling, what is an essential condition regarding desired sample size?

    <p>It must be clearly specified before sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sampling method involves collecting data from randomly selected individuals from each group?

    <p>Proportionate stratified sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sampling methods is best suited for exploring networks or relationships among individuals?

    <p>Snowball sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sampling method allows researchers to ensure representation based on specific characteristics?

    <p>Quota sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using a representative sample in research?

    <p>It enhances the accuracy of estimates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using mixed sampling methods?

    <p>They combine the strengths of various sampling techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disproportionate stratified sampling is primarily used to address which issue?

    <p>Managing discrepancies in group sizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example provided, what is the total age of all five individuals?

    <p>105 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age of the individuals listed in the example?

    <p>21 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes systematic sampling?

    <p>Choosing every nth individual from a list or queue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a potential pitfall of poor sampling methods?

    <p>Inaccurate representation of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation would purposive sampling be most appropriate?

    <p>When specific criteria must be met by participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a sample mean aim to estimate in statistical research?

    <p>The average value of a population parameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a sample comprises only two individuals, what might that imply about the reliability of the conclusions drawn?

    <p>Low reliability due to small size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider the experience level of researchers conducting the study?

    <p>Experienced researchers can improve the accuracy and validity of findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded if a sample's mean does not reflect the population mean?

    <p>The sampling method may have been flawed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a finite population from an infinite population?

    <p>A finite population's members can be counted, whereas an infinite population's members cannot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a parameter in the context of sampling?

    <p>A parameter is a measure based upon the entire population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes an imaginative population?

    <p>An imaginative population is entirely fictional and has no real counterparts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'probability' defined in the context of sampling theory?

    <p>Probability refers to the relative frequency of outcomes over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a statistic in the context of sampling?

    <p>A statistic is a measure derived from a sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the probability of a tail on a single toss of a coin being 1/2?

    <p>Over a large number of tosses, tails will appear roughly half the time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of sampling, which best describes a sample?

    <p>A sample is a subset selected to represent the entire population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of a real population?

    <p>A real population exists physically and can be counted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sampling

    • Sampling is a crucial process in research, especially in fields like psychology, sociology, and education, to draw conclusions about larger populations.
    • A population is a well-defined group of individuals, e.g., all primary school teachers.
    • A sample is a smaller group selected from the population, e.g., a subset of primary school teachers.
    • Sampling allows researchers to study populations efficiently and cost-effectively.
    • Sampling methods can be categorized into probability and non-probability methods.

    Probability Sampling Methods

    • Probability methods specify the likelihood of each member being selected.
    • These methods aim for a representative sample, reflecting the characteristics of the population.
    • Key methods include simple random sampling, stratified random sampling (proportionate and disproportionate), and cluster sampling.

    Non-probability Sampling Methods

    • Non-probability methods do not explicitly calculate the probability of selection.
    • These methods are often used when a complete sampling frame is not available or cost-prohibitive.
    • Examples include quota sampling, accidental sampling, purposeful sampling, and snowball sampling.

    Mixed Sampling

    • Mixed sampling combines aspects of both probability and non-probability sampling.

    Sampling Distribution

    • Sampling error refers to the degree of similarity between the sample and the population. Smaller samples have greater sampling error.

    Need for Sampling

    • Sampling saves time and resources compared to studying an entire population.
    • Sampling allows for generalizations about the population from which the sample was drawn.
    • It enables researchers to accurately estimate characteristics of a population.

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    Related Documents

    Sampling Methods PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of sampling methods used in research, particularly in psychology, sociology, and education. Learn about the distinctions between probability and non-probability sampling methods, along with various techniques such as random and stratified sampling. This quiz will help you understand how sampling contributes to effective research practices.

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