Sampling in Research

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What happens to the sampling error as the sample size decreases?

  • Sampling error becomes negligible.
  • Sampling error decreases proportionately.
  • Sampling error increases. (correct)
  • Sampling error remains constant.

Which of the following is NOT a major probability sampling method?

  • Stratified random sampling
  • Simple random sampling
  • Judgmental sampling (correct)
  • Cluster sampling

What is a key characteristic of nonprobability sampling methods?

  • They rely on random selection.
  • They are always more accurate than probability sampling.
  • They ensure every individual has an equal chance of selection.
  • They do not allow for the assessment of selection probability. (correct)

Which technique is an example of nonprobability sampling?

<p>Quota sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sampling involves selecting subjects based on specific characteristics or criteria?

<p>Judgmental sampling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be known to the investigator when using probability sampling methods?

<p>The size of the parent population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for each element in a population in probability sampling methods?

<p>Each element must have an equal chance of selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a positive aspect of probability sampling methods?

<p>Samples obtained are generally representative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when the population studied is considered infinite?

<p>The ability to calculate probabilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by sampling error in the context of probability sampling?

<p>The deviation of sample characteristics from the parent population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of probability sampling methods?

<p>Utilizes subjective judgment in sample selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling error is generally inherent in probability sampling methods?

<p>Limited representation of the total population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In probability sampling, what is an essential condition regarding desired sample size?

<p>It must be clearly specified before sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method involves collecting data from randomly selected individuals from each group?

<p>Proportionate stratified sampling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sampling methods is best suited for exploring networks or relationships among individuals?

<p>Snowball sampling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method allows researchers to ensure representation based on specific characteristics?

<p>Quota sampling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using a representative sample in research?

<p>It enhances the accuracy of estimates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using mixed sampling methods?

<p>They combine the strengths of various sampling techniques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disproportionate stratified sampling is primarily used to address which issue?

<p>Managing discrepancies in group sizes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example provided, what is the total age of all five individuals?

<p>105 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average age of the individuals listed in the example?

<p>21 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes systematic sampling?

<p>Choosing every nth individual from a list or queue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a potential pitfall of poor sampling methods?

<p>Inaccurate representation of the population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation would purposive sampling be most appropriate?

<p>When specific criteria must be met by participants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a sample mean aim to estimate in statistical research?

<p>The average value of a population parameter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a sample comprises only two individuals, what might that imply about the reliability of the conclusions drawn?

<p>Low reliability due to small size. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider the experience level of researchers conducting the study?

<p>Experienced researchers can improve the accuracy and validity of findings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded if a sample's mean does not reflect the population mean?

<p>The sampling method may have been flawed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a finite population from an infinite population?

<p>A finite population's members can be counted, whereas an infinite population's members cannot. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a parameter in the context of sampling?

<p>A parameter is a measure based upon the entire population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes an imaginative population?

<p>An imaginative population is entirely fictional and has no real counterparts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is 'probability' defined in the context of sampling theory?

<p>Probability refers to the relative frequency of outcomes over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a statistic in the context of sampling?

<p>A statistic is a measure derived from a sample. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the probability of a tail on a single toss of a coin being 1/2?

<p>Over a large number of tosses, tails will appear roughly half the time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of sampling, which best describes a sample?

<p>A sample is a subset selected to represent the entire population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of a real population?

<p>A real population exists physically and can be counted. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Population

A group of individuals or items that share certain characteristics or traits.

Finite Population

A population whose members can be counted.

Infinite Population

A population with an unlimited number of members.

Sample

A portion of a population selected to represent the whole population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parameter

A measure based on the entire population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Statistic

A measure based on a sample.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Probability (in Sampling)

Equivalent to the relative frequency of an event.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Real Population

A population that exists in reality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Probability Sampling

Sampling methods where each member of the population has a known chance of being selected for the sample.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Probability Sampling Conditions

Requirements for a sampling method to be considered probability sampling: 1) Size of the population is known, 2) Each member has an equal chance of selection, 3) Sample size is pre-determined.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Equal Chance of Selection

In probability sampling, every member of the population has an equal probability of being chosen for the sample.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Representative Sample

A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population it is drawn from.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sampling Error

The difference between the characteristics of a sample and the characteristics of the underlying population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Generalizability

The extent to which findings from a sample can be applied to the larger population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why probability sampling?

Probability sampling methods are preferred because they result in representative samples, making conclusions more likely to be valid and generalizable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Limitations of Probability Sampling

Despite its advantages, probability sampling can still contain sampling error because it only captures a portion of the population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Simple Random Sampling

A sampling method where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. Like drawing names out of a hat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stratified Random Sampling

A sampling method where the population is divided into groups (strata) based on shared characteristics, and then a random sample is taken from each stratum. This helps ensure diverse representation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Quota Sampling

A nonprobability sampling method where the sample is based on pre-set quotas for each subgroup within the population. This helps represent the population proportions, but the selection within each subgroup is not random.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sample Study

A research study conducted on a smaller group (sample) to represent a larger group (population) to gain insights and draw conclusions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Population Mean

The average value of a specific characteristic in the entire population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sample Mean

The average value of a specific characteristic in a sample from the population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why Sample Studies?

Sample studies are often preferred because they save time, resources, and are more practical than studying the entire population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sample Size Impact

The accuracy of conclusions drawn from a sample study depends on the size and representativeness of the sample.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sample Accuracy & Representative

A good sample is both large enough and representative of the population to provide reliable results.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-probability Sampling

A sampling method where members of the population do not have a known or equal chance of being selected for the sample.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cluster Sampling

A probability sampling technique where the population is divided into clusters (groups), and then some clusters are randomly selected for sampling.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Systematic Sampling

A probability sampling technique where a starting point is randomly selected from the population, and then every nth element is selected for the sample.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Sampling

  • Sampling is a crucial process in research, especially in fields like psychology, sociology, and education, to draw conclusions about larger populations.
  • A population is a well-defined group of individuals, e.g., all primary school teachers.
  • A sample is a smaller group selected from the population, e.g., a subset of primary school teachers.
  • Sampling allows researchers to study populations efficiently and cost-effectively.
  • Sampling methods can be categorized into probability and non-probability methods.

Probability Sampling Methods

  • Probability methods specify the likelihood of each member being selected.
  • These methods aim for a representative sample, reflecting the characteristics of the population.
  • Key methods include simple random sampling, stratified random sampling (proportionate and disproportionate), and cluster sampling.

Non-probability Sampling Methods

  • Non-probability methods do not explicitly calculate the probability of selection.
  • These methods are often used when a complete sampling frame is not available or cost-prohibitive.
  • Examples include quota sampling, accidental sampling, purposeful sampling, and snowball sampling.

Mixed Sampling

  • Mixed sampling combines aspects of both probability and non-probability sampling.

Sampling Distribution

  • Sampling error refers to the degree of similarity between the sample and the population. Smaller samples have greater sampling error.

Need for Sampling

  • Sampling saves time and resources compared to studying an entire population.
  • Sampling allows for generalizations about the population from which the sample was drawn.
  • It enables researchers to accurately estimate characteristics of a population.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Sampling Methods PDF

More Like This

Probability Sampling Methods
10 questions

Probability Sampling Methods

ResourcefulAmaranth avatar
ResourcefulAmaranth
Quantitative Research Sampling Methods
18 questions

Quantitative Research Sampling Methods

AppealingYellow avatar
AppealingYellow
Non-Probability Sampling Methods
10 questions

Non-Probability Sampling Methods

RedeemingSarod avatar
RedeemingSarod
Probability Sampling Methods
10 questions

Probability Sampling Methods

RedeemingSarod avatar
RedeemingSarod
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser