Salivary Digestion and Enzymes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary function of saliva in digestion?

  • To enhance the flavor of food through seasoning
  • To hydrolyze biomolecules like proteins and carbohydrates (correct)
  • To act as a preservative for food
  • To neutralize stomach acids before reaching the intestines

    • Which enzyme is notably associated with saliva in the digestion of starch?

  • Salivary amylase (correct)
  • Lactase
  • Pepsin
  • Trypsin

    • What role do minerals in saliva play?

  • They act as catalysts for protein digestion
  • They provide energy for enzymatic reactions
  • They buffer the pH to maintain balance (correct)
  • They enhance the absorption of nutrients in the mouth

    • Which aspect does NOT influence salivary digestion?

    <p>Color of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the BAPNA assay in digestion testing?

    <p>It assesses proteolytic enzyme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of urine indicates the presence of urobilin?

    <p>Yellow to amber color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected physiological range for specific gravity of urine?

    <p>1.015 to 1.025</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests indicates the presence of proteins in urine?

    <p>Nitric acid test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is indicated by the presence of glucose in urine?

    <p>Glycosuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color indicates a positive result for the murexide test?

    <p>Bluish violet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is produced from purine metabolism?

    <p>Uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a ruby red solution in the sodium nitroprusside test indicate?

    <p>The presence of ketone bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause changes in odor in urine?

    <p>Dietary choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an increase in free acid affect the digestion of starch?

    <p>Hinders digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the color change observed with the biuret test?

    <p>Copper ions complexing with amide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of urine appearance might suggest a pathological condition?

    <p>Cloudy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about high levels of urea in urine?

    <p>Excessive protein intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of urinalysis in clinical practice?

    <p>To evaluate metabolic states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary secretions involved in intestinal digestion?

    <p>Pancreatic juice, bile, intestinal juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for converting starch into maltose?

    <p>Amylopsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimum temperature for lipase activity?

    <p>37℃</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of digestion is maximal digestive ability observed?

    <p>2nd stage of the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by the presence of monoclonal globulin in blood or urine?

    <p>Multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates trypsin from its inactive form trypsinogen?

    <p>Enterokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sodium carbonate in pancreatic juice?

    <p>To neutralize acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance enhances the efficiency of lipid hydrolysis in the digestive process?

    <p>Bile acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of low temperatures on the activity of lipase?

    <p>Lowers the activity of lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substrates does lipase act upon?

    <p>Triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is trypsin denatured at high temperatures?

    <p>It unfolds and loses its functional shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pancreatic juice in digestion?

    <p>Digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Erepsin assist trypsin in digestion?

    <p>By aiding in the hydrolysis of resistant peptide linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of amylase in the digestive system?

    <p>Breaks down starch into sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of the pH in the stomach on salivary amylase?

    <p>It completely inactivates salivary amylase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of saliva is primarily responsible for its lubrication properties?

    <p>Mucin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal pH range for the enzymatic activity of salivary amylase?

    <p>6.5 - 7.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction does salivary amylase catalyze?

    <p>Starch to maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do mineral salts play in saliva?

    <p>They stabilize the enzyme conformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the color of the iodine-starch complex as starch is digested by saliva?

    <p>It lightens in color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compounds are tested for in the Biuret test conducted in saliva?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is utilized in the test for the presence of chlorides in saliva?

    <p>Silver ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive result in the Benedict’s test indicate?

    <p>Presence of reducing sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is crucial for maintaining the conformation of salivary amylase in saliva?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of thiocyanates in human saliva indicate?

    <p>Exposure to cyanide-containing substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction concludes the enzymatic breakdown of starch as indicated by the chromatic point?

    <p>Starch to dextrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of salivary amylase in digestion?

    <p>To hydrolyze carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely outcome if salivary amylase encounters a pH below 6.5?

    <p>Reduced activity, leading to ineffective digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Salivary Digestion

    • Salivary enzymes are "hydrolytic" enzymes, meaning they break down biomolecules like proteins and carbohydrates.
    • Saliva acts as a catalyst in the digestive process.
    • Don't memorize the entire enzyme table, focus on key enzymes like amylase and pepsin.
    • Saliva has a specific pH range.
    • Tests for Mucin involve Benedict's, orcinol, Biuret, and phosphomolybdate reagents.
    • Tests for calcium involve Muganas reagent, a key is provided, or an answer key.
    • An acidic medium tests for thiocyanate.
    • Smoking increases the level of Hg (CNS or) mercuric thiocyanate.
    • Acid and starch digestion is a relevant process.

    Salivary Amylase

    • A table detailing the results for starch digestion and the color changes using salivary amylase should be memorized.
    • Fehling's test can be used to detect reduction.

    Influence of Free Acid and Saliva Digestion

    • The influence of free acids on salivary digestion should be noted.
    • Color, pH, and positive results need to be observed during salivary digestion.
    • Minerals in saliva act as buffers to maintain saliva pH levels.

    Intestinal Digestion

    • The carboxyl group (C=O) in some cases is relevant in digestion.
    • BAPNA assays are used to measure proteolytic enzymes.
    • BAPNA assays should be memorized in your studies.
    • Factors that denature proteins should be identified.
    • Whipped cream's texture and how it impacts digestion.
    • Fatty acid release (rancid taste) is another factor in digestion.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on salivary digestion processes and the role of enzymes like amylase and pepsin. This quiz covers key concepts such as the effects of pH, tests for mucin and calcium, and the influence of free acids. Prepare to explore the biochemical significance of saliva in digestion.

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