ADHD Background and Treatment (Overview)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following medications is NOT a form of methylphenidate?

  • Vyvanse (correct)
  • Ritalin LA
  • Metadate ER
  • Daytrana

Which medication is an amphetamine that should be avoided with acidic substances?

  • Focalin
  • Concerta
  • Adderall (correct)
  • Desoxyn

Which medication is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)?

  • Vyvanse
  • Ritalin
  • Strattera (correct)
  • Daytrana

Which medication carries a black box warning for the risk of suicidal ideation?

<p>Strattera (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is available as a transdermal patch?

<p>Daytrana (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a prodrug of dextroamphetamine?

<p>Vyvanse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is prescribed in certain cases and is another form of amphetamine?

<p>Desoxyn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitters are believed to be imbalanced in individuals with ADHD?

<p>Dopamine and norepinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many symptoms of inattention must individuals exhibit in order to meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD according to the DSM-5?

<p>At least six (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line approach for treating ADHD?

<p>Cognitive-behavioral therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a commonly prescribed stimulant medication for ADHD?

<p>Strattera (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often are stimulant medications typically dosed for ADHD?

<p>Once daily (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications may be considered as a second-line treatment option for individuals who may have a suspected risk of abuse or do not respond well to stimulants?

<p>Strattera (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications can be used as adjunct or standalone treatments for ADHD?

<p>Intuniv and Kapvay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is a long-acting suspension?

<p>Quillivant XR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is an orally disintegrating tablet (ODT)?

<p>Adzenys XR (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications can be opened and sprinkled onto food without chewing the beads?

<p>Adderall XR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is available as a transdermal patch?

<p>Daytrana (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications carries a black box warning for abuse and dependence?

<p>Ritalin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for using methylphenidate IR?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects is associated with methylphenidate and amphetamine medications?

<p>Both A and B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications do guanfacine extended-release and clonidine extended-release belong to?

<p>Central alpha-2 agonists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of guanfacine and clonidine?

<p>Stimulating alpha-2 receptors in the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common adverse effects of guanfacine and clonidine?

<p>Excessive sleepiness and dizziness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when discontinuing guanfacine and clonidine?

<p>Abrupt discontinuation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication increases norepinephrine levels in the brain to improve ADHD symptoms?

<p>Atomoxetine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of atomoxetine?

<p>Increasing norepinephrine levels in the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when taking guanfacine and clonidine?

<p>They may cause a skin rash (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential side effects of guanfacine and clonidine?

<p>Blurred vision and dry mouth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach when considering medication options for ADHD management?

<p>Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: ADHD is caused by imbalances in the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first-line treatment option for ADHD.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Stimulant medications for ADHD are typically dosed once daily in the evening.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Quillivant XR is a long-acting suspension that should be shaken for at least 10 seconds before use.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Sprinkle capsules like Focalin XR can be opened and sprinkled onto food without chewing the beads.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Daytrana is a transdermal patch that can be applied to the skin for ADHD medication administration.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Methylphenidate Immediate Release (IR) carries a black box warning for abuse and dependence.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Guanfacine and clonidine are both selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Sedation and drowsiness with guanfacine and clonidine are not dose-dependent.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Abrupt discontinuation of guanfacine and clonidine may lead to withdrawal symptoms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Methylphenidate XR formulations include Ritalin LA, Methylin ER, Aptensio XR, Metadate ER, and Concerta (OROS tablet).

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Concerta has a 'ghost tablet' that is excreted in the stool and should not be a cause for concern.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Amphetamine medications work by increasing the levels of dopamine and serotonin in the brain.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Atomoxetine carries a black box warning for the risk of abuse and dependence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the neurotransmitters believed to be imbalanced in individuals with ADHD?

<p>The neurotransmitters believed to be imbalanced in individuals with ADHD are dopamine and norepinephrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment option for ADHD?

<p>The first-line treatment option for ADHD is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the commonly prescribed stimulant medications for ADHD?

<p>The commonly prescribed stimulant medications for ADHD include Concerta, Daytrana Patch, Ritalin, Vyvanse, and Adderall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common adverse effects of guanfacine and clonidine?

<p>The common adverse effects of guanfacine and clonidine include somnolence (excessive sleepiness), dizziness, headache, and a decrease in blood pressure resulting in bradycardia (slow heart rate) and hypotension (low blood pressure).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of atomoxetine?

<p>Atomoxetine, an SNRI, increases norepinephrine levels in the brain to improve ADHD symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when taking guanfacine and clonidine?

<p>It is important to be aware that sedation and drowsiness with guanfacine and clonidine are dose-dependent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential side effects of atomoxetine?

<p>The potential side effects of atomoxetine include headache, insomnia, somnolence (excessive sleepiness), hypertension, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), dry mouth, nausea, abdominal pain, decreased appetite, and sexual dysfunction or changes in libido.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential side effects of methylphenidate and amphetamine medications?

<p>Common side effects of methylphenidate and amphetamine medications include decreased appetite, insomnia, headache, stomachache, irritability, and increased heart rate or blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential side effects of guanfacine and clonidine?

<p>Common side effects of guanfacine and clonidine include sedation, drowsiness, hypotension (low blood pressure), dry mouth, constipation, and fatigue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication carries a black box warning for the risk of suicidal ideation?

<p>Atomoxetine (Strattera) carries a black box warning for the risk of suicidal ideation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential side effects of methylphenidate and amphetamine medications?

<p>The potential side effects of methylphenidate and amphetamine medications include nausea, insomnia, loss of appetite, headache, irritability, blurry vision, dry mouth, and cardiac and central nervous system symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some contraindications for using methylphenidate IR?

<p>Some contraindications for using methylphenidate IR include the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) within the past 14 days, heart problems such as heart failure, recent myocardial infarction (heart attack), arrhythmias, and moderate to severe hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential side effects of guanfacine and clonidine?

<p>The potential side effects of guanfacine and clonidine include sedation, drowsiness, hypotension, bradycardia, dry mouth, and constipation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some important considerations when taking guanfacine and clonidine?

<p>Some important considerations when taking guanfacine and clonidine include avoiding abrupt discontinuation, as it may lead to withdrawal symptoms, monitoring blood pressure and heart rate regularly, and being aware of potential sedation and drowsiness, which are not dose-dependent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ADHD medications with their correct descriptions:

<p>Concerta = A commonly prescribed stimulant medication for ADHD Strattera = A non-stimulant medication considered as a second-line treatment option for individuals who may have a suspected risk of abuse or do not respond well to stimulants Fish oils = A non-drug treatment that has shown some benefits in managing ADHD symptoms Intuniv = A medication used as an adjunct or standalone treatment for ADHD</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ADHD symptoms with the number of symptoms required for a DSM-5 ADHD diagnosis:

<p>Inattention = At least six symptoms Hyperactivity and impulsivity = At least six symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following neurotransmitters with their relation to ADHD:

<p>Dopamine = Believed to be imbalanced in individuals with ADHD Norepinephrine = Believed to be imbalanced in individuals with ADHD</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their respective mechanisms of action:

<p>Atomoxetine = Increases norepinephrine levels in the brain Guanfacine = Stimulates alpha-2 receptors in the brain Clonidine = Stimulates alpha-2 receptors in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medications with their respective classifications:

<p>Guanfacine extended-release = Central alpha-2 agonist Clonidine extended-release = Central alpha-2 agonist Atomoxetine = Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their potential side effects:

<p>Guanfacine and Clonidine = Somnolence, dizziness, headache, bradycardia, hypotension Atomoxetine = Black box warning for suicidal ideation Guanfacine = Rarely cause a skin rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methylphenidate medications with their correct descriptions:

<p>Ritalin = Should not be used in individuals with pheochromocytoma Concerta = Has a 'ghost tablet' that is excreted in the stool Methylphenidate XR = Available in forms like Quillichew ER, Quillivant XR, and Contempla XR-ODT Daytrana = A transdermal patch that should be applied at least 2 hours before the desired effect and removed after 9 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following amphetamine medications with their correct descriptions:

<p>Adderall = Effectiveness can be reduced by acidic substances Vyvanse = A prodrug of dextroamphetamine that can be mixed with water, yogurt, or orange juice Desoxyn = Prescribed in certain cases, another form of amphetamine Dextro-amphetamine = Available as immediate release under the brand name Adderall</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their associated warnings or contraindications:

<p>Methylphenidate IR = Contact a primary care physician if chest pain or shortness of breath occurs Atomoxetine = Carries a black box warning for the risk of suicidal ideation Guanfacine = Avoid abrupt discontinuation due to withdrawal symptoms Clonidine = Avoid abrupt discontinuation due to withdrawal symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ADHD medications with their mechanisms of action:

<p>Methylphenidate = Increases certain chemicals in the brain that improve focus, attention, and impulse control Amphetamine medications = Increase the levels of certain chemicals in the brain that improve focus, attention, and impulse control Atomoxetine = Increases the levels of norepinephrine in the brain Guanfacine = Works through different mechanisms of action to help improve ADHD symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ADHD medications with their respective administration methods:

<p>Quillivant XR = Long-acting suspension to be shaken for at least 10 seconds before use Quillichew ER = Chewable tablet Contempla XR = Orally disintegrating tablet Daytrana = Transdermal patch applied to the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ADHD medications with their potential side effects:

<p>Methylphenidate and amphetamines = Nausea, insomnia, loss of appetite, headache, irritability, blurry vision, and dry mouth Focalin XR = Can be opened and sprinkled onto food without chewing the beads Ritalin = Not to be used in patients with pheochromocytoma Methylphenidate IR = Carries a black box warning for abuse and dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ADHD medications with their contraindications:

<p>Ritalin = Not to be used in patients with pheochromocytoma Methylphenidate IR = Should not be used by individuals who have used monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) within the past 14 days, as well as in individuals with heart problems, and moderate to severe hypertension Stimulants = Should be avoided in those who have used monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) within the past 14 days, as well as in individuals with heart problems, and moderate to severe hypertension Amphetamines = There is a black box warning for serotonin syndrome associated with stimulant use</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ADHD medications with their considerations:

<p>Methylphenidate = Regular monitoring is important. If chest pain or shortness of breath occurs, it is recommended to contact a healthcare professional Ritalin and Methylin = Methylphenidate Immediate Release (IR) is available under these brand names Focalin XR, Ritalin LA, Aptensio XR, Adderall XR = Sprinkle capsules that can be opened and sprinkled onto a small amount of food without chewing the beads Quillivant XR = Should be shaken for at least 10 seconds before use</p> Signup and view all the answers

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