Foot Bone Anatomy Quiz: Test Your Knowledge

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Questions and Answers

What are the three areas of the foot?

Forefoot, midfoot, hindfoot

Explain the longitudinal arch of the foot.

Long axis, from front of toes to back of the heel; shock absorber, weight bearing, permits smooth walking; medial more pronounced arch

Define dorsiflexion and its effect on the ankle joint.

Flex ankle joint; point foot upward

What is the function of the transverse arch of the foot?

Supports the longitudinal arch; runs side-to-side; involves cuneiforms and cuboid Signup and view all the answers

Describe the locations of the 14 phalanges in the foot.

2 in great toe (distal, proximal); 3 each in 2nd-5th toes (distal, middle, proximal) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the phalanx base and head?

Base is proximal to distal; head is distal to proximal Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest and strongest bone in the foot?

Calcaneus Signup and view all the answers

Where are the sesamoid bones in the foot located?

On the plantar surface of the head of the 1st metatarsal Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

Synovial, hinge joint Signup and view all the answers

Where is the lateral malleolus located?

On the fibula on the distal, lateral side Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the ankle joint?

Ankle mortise joint Signup and view all the answers

Where is the medial malleolus located?

On the tibia on the distal, medial side Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the 5 metatarsals of the foot?

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Signup and view all the answers

What is the prominent feature of the 5th metatarsal?

It contains a prominent tuberosity prone to fracture. Signup and view all the answers

Name the joints within the foot.

Interphalangeal joint, distal interphalangeal joint, proximal interphalangeal joint, metatarsophalangeal joint, tarsometatarsal joint Signup and view all the answers

How are all the joints in the foot classified?

Synovial joints Signup and view all the answers

List the names of the 7 tarsal bones.

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the calcaneus?

Os Calcis or Heel Signup and view all the answers

What is the other name for the talus bone?

Astragalus Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative nomenclature for the navicular bone?

Scaphoid Signup and view all the answers

What are the bones in the lower leg?

Tibia, fibula, patella, distal femur Signup and view all the answers

Which bone in the lower leg is the weight-bearing bone?

Tibia Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the short, pyramid-shaped process at the medial distal end of the tibia?

Medial malleolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the flattened, triangular-shaped notch on the distal end of the tibia for articulation with the fibula?

Fibular notch Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the little 'mountain-shaped' protrusion on the superior aspect of the tibia?

Intercondylar eminence Signup and view all the answers

What are the two prominent processes on the proximal end of the tibia?

Medial condyle and lateral condyle Signup and view all the answers

Where are the smooth facets located on the tibia?

Tibial plateau Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle by which the medial condyle of the femur extends lower than the lateral condyle?

5-7 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the anterior surface of the patellar surface that separates the condyles anteriorly?

Intercondylar sulcus Signup and view all the answers

Where is the adductor tubercle located on the distal femur?

Posterolateral aspect of the medial condyle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of extension in relation to the knee joint?

To open the joint space of the knee Signup and view all the answers

What structures separate the condyles distally and posteriorly in the femur?

Intercondylar fossa Signup and view all the answers

Where are the medial and lateral epicondyles located in relation to the condyles of the femur?

Above the outermost portion of the medial and lateral condyles Signup and view all the answers

Which condyle of the distal femur is more prominent?

Medial condyle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main joint of the knee?

Femorotibial joint Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 main ligaments that hold the knee joint together?

<ol> <li>Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), 2. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), 3. Tibial (medial) collateral ligament (MCL), 4. Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What movements do the cruciate ligaments restrict within the knee?

Anterior and posterior movements Signup and view all the answers

Where do the collateral ligaments attach in the knee joint?

At the sides of the knee joint Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the proximal tibofibular joint?

Synovial, gliding joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cruciate ligaments in the knee joint?

To stabilize the knee and attach to the intercondylar eminence Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest knee joint space in the body?

Femorotibial joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle of the tibial plateaus sloping posteriorly?

10-20 degrees Signup and view all the answers

Describe the anterior crest of the tibia.

A sharp ridge of bone located along the anterior surface of the tibia. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the tibia extend from the anterior crest of the tibial tuberosity to?

Medial malleolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the rough-textured prominence located distal to the condyles on the mid-anterior surface of the tibia?

Tibial tuberosity Signup and view all the answers

In which age group does Osgood-Schlatter's Disease most commonly occur?

Boys ages 10-15 Signup and view all the answers

What is the fibula's location in relation to the tibia?

Laterally and posteriorly Signup and view all the answers

What is the proximal end of the fibula called, which contains the head, neck, and apex?

Head Signup and view all the answers

Where does the head of the fibula articulate with?

Tibia Signup and view all the answers

What is the distal end of the fibula called, which forms the lateral malleolus?

Lateral malleolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the articulation type of the costovertebral joint?

synovial, gliding Signup and view all the answers

Where is the xiphisternal joint located?

between the body of the sternum and xiphoid process Signup and view all the answers

What is the only articulation between sternoclavicular (SC) joints and the upper limbs?

interchondral joint Signup and view all the answers

At which vertebral level is the sternal angle located?

T4-T5 Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the manubriosternal joint?

cartilaginous, synchondroses Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main parts of the sternum?

manubrium, body, xiphoid process Signup and view all the answers

Which portion of the sternum is most superior and the widest?

manubrium Signup and view all the answers

What are the other names for the jugular notch?

suprasternal notch, manubrial notch Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of ribs are present in the bony thorax?

12 Signup and view all the answers

What does the clavicular notch of the manubrium articulate with?

clavicle Signup and view all the answers

Which portion of the sternum is the xiphoid process located and what is its consistency through aging?

Most distal and smallest part; cartilaginous in early life, ossifies in adulthood Signup and view all the answers

What is the xiphoid process known as, and what does it serve as?

Xiphoid process aka ensiform process; palpable landmark Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between 'true ribs' and 'false ribs.'

True ribs are ribs 1-7 because they attach to the sternum; False ribs are ribs 8-12 because they do not attach directly to the sternum Signup and view all the answers

What are ribs 11 and 12 commonly known as, and why?

Floating ribs; they have no sternal attachment Signup and view all the answers

How many joints are present in the thorax, and what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Multiple joints; synovial, gliding joint Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Foot Anatomy

The foot consists of three areas: the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot.
The longitudinal arch of the foot runs along the medial side of the foot from the heel to the ball of the foot.
Dorsiflexion is the movement of the foot upwards towards the shin, and it increases the angle between the foot and the leg, affecting the ankle joint.

Foot Bones

The 14 phalanges in the foot are located in the toes, with two in the great toe and three in each of the other toes.
The base of a phalanx is the proximal end, and the head is the distal end.
The largest and strongest bone in the foot is the calcaneus (heel bone).
The sesamoid bones are located within the tendons that connect muscles to bones in the foot.
The ankle joint is a synovial hinge joint.

Foot Features

The lateral malleolus is located on the outer ankle bone, and the medial malleolus is located on the inner ankle bone.
The ankle joint is also known as the talocrural joint.
The five metatarsals in the foot are numbered from medial to lateral, and the prominent feature of the 5th metatarsal is its tuberosity.

Foot Joints

The joints within the foot include the ankle joint, intertarsal joints, and intermetatarsal joints.
All joints in the foot are classified as synovial joints.
There are seven tarsal bones in the foot, which include the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiform bones.

Sesamoid Bones

The sesamoid bones are located within the tendons that connect muscles to bones in the foot.

Lower Leg Anatomy

The bones in the lower leg are the tibia (shin bone) and fibula.
The weight-bearing bone in the lower leg is the tibia.
The medial malleolus is located on the distal end of the tibia.
The lateral malleolus is located on the distal end of the fibula.

Tibia Features

The medial condyle of the tibia is larger than the lateral condyle.
The intercondylar eminence is a bony projection between the condyles.
The tibial plateau slopes posteriorly at an angle of about 20-25 degrees.

Knee Joint

The main joint of the knee is the tibiofemoral joint.
The four main ligaments that hold the knee joint together are the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and lateral collateral ligament.
The cruciate ligaments restrict forward and backward movement within the knee.
The collateral ligaments attach to the femur and tibia.

Fibula Features

The fibula is located laterally to the tibia.
The proximal end of the fibula is called the head, and it articulates with the tibia.
The distal end of the fibula forms the lateral malleolus.

Other Anatomy

The xiphisternal joint is located at the junction of the xiphoid process and the sternum.
The sternal angle is located at the level of the second thoracic vertebra.
The manubrium is the most superior and widest part of the sternum.
The three main parts of the sternum are the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

Ribs and Thorax

There are 24 ribs, divided into true ribs (1-7) and false ribs (8-12).
Ribs 11 and 12 are commonly known as floating ribs.
There are 12 thoracic vertebrae and 12 pairs of ribs in the bony thorax.
The costovertebral joint is a synovial joint.
The sternoclavicular joint is the only articulation between the upper limbs and the sternum.

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Test your knowledge of foot anatomy, including the toes, foot bones, ankle, and heel. Learn about the different areas of the foot and the number of bones present in each part.

RTCA 141: Foot Anatomy Quiz

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