Anatomy: Muscles of the Foot
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary attachment point of the plantar fascia?

  • Plantar plates and skin (correct)
  • Deep transverse metatarsal ligaments
  • Lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity
  • Medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity

    • What is the function of the central band of the plantar fascia?

  • To flex the metatarsophalangeal joints
  • To increase arch height (correct)
  • To stabilize the lateral longitudinal arch
  • To support the medial longitudinal arch

    • Which of the following muscles is NOT found in the central compartment of the plantar foot?

  • Flexor digitorum brevis
  • Quadratus plantae
  • Abductor hallucis (correct)
  • Lumbricals

    • What is the purpose of the extensor expansion sling?

    <p>To facilitate toe extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT a compartment of the plantar foot?

    <p>Dorsal compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the deep transverse metatarsal ligaments?

    <p>To attach to the deep slips of the plantar fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the attachment point of the abductor digiti minimi brevis?

    <p>Base of 5th proximal phalanx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle helps to form the sling of the extensor expansion?

    <p>Interossei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the flexor retinaculum?

    <p>Forms the tarsal tunnel and 4 fibrous tunnels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of structures that pass through the tarsal tunnel?

    <p>Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Posterior tibial artery, Flexor hallucis longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the sesamoids?

    <p>Within their tendons, attached to 3 bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendon does not insert on the EHL tendon?

    <p>EHB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the suspensory ligament?

    <p>Attaching the sesamoids to 3 bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the medial dorsal cutaneous area?

    <p>Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the tarsal tunnel?

    <p>Area deep to flexor retinaculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the posterior tibial artery anastomoses with the sinus tarsi artery?

    <p>Artery to the tarsal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the destination of the superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve?

    <p>Lateral 1 and 1/2 toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve?

    <p>Motor to dorsal, distal toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the destination of the medial plantar artery?

    <p>Base of the 1st metatarsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the sustentaculum tali?

    <p>Near the bifurcation of the posterior tibial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve bifurcates into medial and lateral plantar nerves?

    <p>Tibial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the first lumbrical muscle?

    <p>Medial plantar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the adductor hallucis muscle?

    <p>Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve pierces the flexor retinaculum?

    <p>Medial calcaneal branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each group of muscles to its origin

    <p>Flexor Hallucis Brevis/ Abductor hallucis = Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity Extensor Digitorum Brevis / Extensor Hallucis Brevis = Tubercle of dorsal anterior calcaneus Dorsal Interossei = Metatarsal shafts Abductor Digiti Minimi = Lateral Process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each group of muscles to its origin

    <p>Flexor digiti minimi = Base of 5th metatarsal; plantar medial Adductor Hallucis Oblique head = Base of 2-4 metatarsals Quadratus Plantae = Plantar calcaneus Flexor Hallucis Brevis = Cuboid, lateral cuneiform, Posterior tibial tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each group of muscles to their insertio

    <p>FHB/ Abductor Digiti Minimi = Lateral sesamoid Abductor Digiti Minimi/ Flexor Digiti Minimi/ 3rd plantar interosseous = Base of 5th proximal phalanx 1st, 2nd plantar interossei = Base of proximal phalanx 3, 4 FHB/ Abductor Hallucis = Medial sesamoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each muscle group to its insertion

    <p>FDB/ Lateral Slips = Middle Phalanx 2-5 FHL = Base of distal phalanx hallux FDL = Base of distal phalanx 2-5 Quadratus Plantae = FDL tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each muscle to its insertion

    <p>Lumbricals = Medial wing of extensor expansion Addutor Hallucis (transverse head) = Plantar plates; deep transverse metatarsal ligament Extensor Digitorum brevis (2-4) = EDL tendon; form wing laterally EDL/ interossei (form sling) = Contribute to the extensor expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plantar Fascia

    • Originates from the calcaneal tuberosity and attaches to the plantar plates and skin
    • Composed of three bands: medial, central, and lateral
    • Central band fans out distally and forms digital slips
    • Superficial slips attach to the skin anterior to the metatarsal heads
    • Deep slips attach to plantar plates and deep transverse metatarsal ligaments
    • Help form flexor sheaths

    Compartments of the Plantar Foot

    • True fascial compartments separated by intermuscular septa
    • Medial compartment: FHB, abductor hallucis, and FHL tendon
    • Lateral compartment: Flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi
    • Central compartment: FDB, QP, lumbricals, and adductor hallucis
    • Interosseous compartment: Dorsal and plantar interossei

    Extensor Expansion

    • Functions as a compound tendinous attachment of EDL and EDB
    • Lateral wing: lumbrical and medial wing
    • Plantar to deep transverse metatarsal ligament and plantar interosseous
    • Dorsal to deep transverse metatarsal ligament and extensor expansion wing

    Muscles with Attachments Other than to Bone

    • Quadratus plantae: attaches to the lumbricals and FDL tendon
    • Lumbricals: attach to the FDL tendon and plantar plates
    • Adductor hallucis: attaches to the transverse head and extensor expansion
    • Extensor digitorum brevis: attaches to the EDL tendon and forms wing laterally

    Retinacula

    • Superior peroneal retinaculum: thickening of deep fascia that attaches to the calcaneus and forms one tendon sheath
    • Inferior peroneal retinaculum: attaches to the calcaneus and forms two tendon sheaths
    • Flexor retinaculum: attaches to the calcaneus and forms the tarsal tunnel
    • Four fibrous tunnels and three tendon sheaths

    Innervation

    • Dorsal foot: innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve, medial dorsal cutaneous nerve, and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve
    • Plantar foot: innervated by the medial plantar nerve, lateral plantar nerve, and sural nerve

    Arteries

    • Posterior tibial artery: bifurcates near the sustentaculum tali into the medial plantar artery and lateral plantar artery
    • Medial plantar artery: smaller and deeper
    • Lateral plantar artery: larger and more superficial
    • Terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery: medial plantar artery and lateral plantar artery

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the muscles of the foot, including their attachments and actions. This quiz covers the muscles of the foot, including the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. Identify the muscles and their attachments to prove your mastery of foot anatomy.

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