Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the name of the bone that runs with the 'ball' of the foot?
What is the name of the bone that runs with the 'ball' of the foot?
Which muscle is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot?
Which muscle is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot?
Which ligament is commonly injured in turf toe?
Which ligament is commonly injured in turf toe?
What is the main symptom of arch sprains and strains?
What is the main symptom of arch sprains and strains?
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Which movement involves bringing the sole of the foot towards the shin?
Which movement involves bringing the sole of the foot towards the shin?
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Which bone is commonly affected by Turf Toe?
Which bone is commonly affected by Turf Toe?
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What is the most common compartment affected by compartment syndrome in the lower leg?
What is the most common compartment affected by compartment syndrome in the lower leg?
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What is a common sign or symptom of Ankle Sprains?
What is a common sign or symptom of Ankle Sprains?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of compartment syndrome in the lower leg?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of compartment syndrome in the lower leg?
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Which diagnostic test is used for Ankle Sprains that involves applying pressure to the affected area?
Which diagnostic test is used for Ankle Sprains that involves applying pressure to the affected area?
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What is the recommended first aid management for injuries according to the text?
What is the recommended first aid management for injuries according to the text?
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What is another term for Shin Splints as mentioned in the text?
What is another term for Shin Splints as mentioned in the text?
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Which diagnostic test is specifically mentioned for compartment syndrome in the text?
Which diagnostic test is specifically mentioned for compartment syndrome in the text?
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What can cause Achilles Tendinopathy according to the text?
What can cause Achilles Tendinopathy according to the text?
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What is one aspect of rehabilitation mentioned in the text for managing injuries?
What is one aspect of rehabilitation mentioned in the text for managing injuries?
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Which grade of Ankle Sprains presents with severe disability, laxity, and moderate to severe swelling?
Which grade of Ankle Sprains presents with severe disability, laxity, and moderate to severe swelling?
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What is a possible cause mentioned in the text that can create stress in the area affected by Shin Splints?
What is a possible cause mentioned in the text that can create stress in the area affected by Shin Splints?
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Study Notes
Ankle, Foot, and Lower Leg Anatomy
- Phalanges (toe bones)
- Metatarsals (long bones in the foot)
- Cuneiforms (3): Lateral, Intermediate, Medial
- Navicular (small bone in the foot)
- Cuboid (bone in the foot)
- Talus (ankle bone)
- Calcaneus (heel bone)
- Tibia (shin bone)
- Fibula (outer lower leg bone)
Muscles
- Popliteus
- Plantaris
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Tibialis
- Peroneals
- Hallucis longus
- Digitorum (anterior/posterior) (extensor/flexor)
Ligaments
- Deltoid
- Anterior talofibular
- Posterior talofibular
- Calcaneofibular
- Anterior tibiofibular
- Posterior tibiofibular
- Interosseous membrane
Arches of the Foot
- Metatarsal arch (runs with the "ball" of the foot)
- Lateral longitudinal (along the outside of the foot)
- Transverse (in the mid-foot, in front of the heel)
- Medial longitudinal (along the inside of the foot)
Movement of the Foot
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Pronation
- Supination
- Flexion (plantar flexion)
- Extension (dorsiflexion)
- Inversion
- Eversion
Injuries and Conditions
- Turf toe (sprain of the ligaments supporting the great toe, usually in the Metatarsophalangeal joint)
- Signs and symptoms: pain during push-off, point tenderness and pain, swelling, possible ecchymosis
- Arch Sprains and Strains (stretching of the ligaments that hold the bones of the foot in place)
- Signs and symptoms: pain, swelling, possible ecchymosis
- Compartment Syndrome (injury most commonly occurs in the anterior compartment)
- Signs and symptoms: pain and swelling, recent chronic or acute injury to the lower leg, loss of sensation or function, loss of pulse, inability to extend the great toe or dorsiflex the foot
Management of Injuries
- PRICE (Protect, Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate)
- Pharmacological management (NSAIDs, pain relievers, topical analgesics)
- Support and rehabilitation (braces, therapeutic exercise)
Ankle Sprains
- May be Lateral, Medial, or Syndesmotic
- Signs and symptoms: hear or feel a snap or pop, swelling, ecchymosis, point tenderness and pain, loss of function
- Diagnostic tests: Compression/Bump, Anterior Drawer, Posterior Drawer, Talar/calcaneal Tilt, Kliger's Grades of Ankle Sprains (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree)
Shin Splints
- Also called Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS)
- Signs and symptoms: pain over the anterior portion of the lower leg, point tenderness, possibly noticeable swelling
- Causes: stress in the medial longitudinal arch, inflammation of the interosseous membrane, strain to the soleus or tibialis anterior
Achilles Tendinopathy
- Causes: overuse, muscle imbalance, inflexibility, arch problems, sudden movement
- Signs and symptoms: change in training patterns, pain, swelling, stiffness, weakness
- Can range from mild strains to complete ruptures
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Description
Test your knowledge of the bones, muscles, and ligaments in the ankle, foot, and lower leg. This quiz covers topics such as phalanges, metatarsals, cuneiforms, tibia, fibula, and more.
