RNA Transcription and Protein Synthesis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA Ligase in DNA replication?

  • Unwinds the DNA double helix
  • Adds phosphate to the phosphate-sugar backbone (correct)
  • Adds complementary nucleotides to the DNA strand
  • Attaches RNA primers to the replicating strands

    • What is the purpose of the telomeres at the ends of DNA strands?

  • They are removed in every cycle of replication (correct)
  • They inhibit the action of DNA Polymerase
  • They contain coding DNA for protein synthesis
  • They are the starting points for DNA replication

    • What is the role of RNA Primase in DNA replication?

  • To attach RNA primers to the replicating strands (correct)
  • To add phosphate to the phosphate-sugar backbone
  • To synthesize new DNA strands
  • To unwind the DNA double helix

    • What is the process called when the DNA Polymerase reaches the end of the strands?

    <p>Termination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for removing wrong nucleotides during DNA replication?

    <p>Nucleases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in the process of protein synthesis?

    <p>Small subunit of a ribosome charged with a tRNA + the amino acid methionine encounters an mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the small subunit of a ribosome in the initiation of protein synthesis?

    <p>To scan the mRNA for the start sequence AUG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the small subunit associates with an mRNA molecule?

    <p>Both subunits come together, creating a compact that keeps the mRNA and tRNA in stable and proper orientation for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ribosome in the process of protein synthesis?

    <p>To hold the mRNA and tRNA in stable and proper orientation for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the large subunit joining the small subunit?

    <p>A complete ribosome is formed, allowing protein synthesis to initiate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the initial tRNA with attached amino acid located?

    <p>In the P site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation elongation, what is the primary function of the A site?

    <p>To bind the incoming amino acid carrying tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of the polypeptide chain from the ribosome?

    <p>The binding of termination proteins (release factors)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation elongation, what happens to the tRNA holding the growing polypeptide chain?

    <p>It is moved to the P site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the ribosome reaches a stop codon?

    <p>Termination proteins bind to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of peptide bond formation during translation elongation?

    <p>The growing polypeptide chain is lengthened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the P site during translation elongation?

    <p>To hold the growing polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the poly(A)-tail in mRNA processing?

    <p>To stabilize the mRNA and facilitate its transport out of the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of removing non-coding sequences from pre-mRNA?

    <p>Splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that allows mRNA to exit the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm?

    <p>Nuclear pore complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid or a stop signal?

    <p>Codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which proteins are synthesized from mRNA?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the concept that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins?

    <p>The central dogma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DNA sentence AACGTATCGCAT represent?

    <p>A polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the DNA triplets ATT, ATC, and ACT play in a DNA message?

    <p>Act as a full stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analogous to a book, how is DNA organized?

    <p>Into chapters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mRNA in the genetic code message decoding process?

    <p>Matches with tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the genetic code, what does a polypeptide chain represent?

    <p>A sequence of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the genetic code emphasize due to the triplet nature of DNA language?

    <p>The redundancy of the genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

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