DNA Transcription and Protein Synthesis Quiz

Which type of RNA makes up about 15% of the total RNA in the cell?

5.8S RNA
rRNA
tRNA (correct)
mRNA

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Carries codon specifying amino acid sequence in protein (correct)
Facilitates the folding of tRNA into tertiary structure
Acts as a catalyst in protein synthesis
Directly binds to amino acids

What is the primary function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Transfer amino acids into the ribosomes (correct)
Act as a template for protein synthesis
Carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
Facilitate post-transcription processing

What is the smallest type of RNA?

tRNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the central dogma involves the formation of protein molecules?

Translation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing an RNA transcript in prokaryotes?

RNA polymerase (C) Signup and view all the answers

In prokaryotic cells, how many distinct size species of rRNA are found?

Three (23S, 16S, and 5S) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the termination sequence (terminator) in transcription?

Signals the end of the gene and causes termination of transcription (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which direction does the RNA polymerase read the template strand in prokaryotic transcription?

3' to 5' (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of topoisomerase I and II during elongation in prokaryotic transcription?

Relax supercoils in the DNA helix (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the four rRNA species found in the eukaryotic cytosol?

28S, 18S, 5.8S, and 5S Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of the preinitiation complex in prokaryotic transcription initiation.

The location of the preinitiation complex determines where transcription begins and which strand of DNA is used as a template. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three steps involved in transcription?

Initiation, Elongation, Termination Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of topoisomerase I and II during elongation in prokaryotic transcription?

They relax supercoils in the DNA helix caused by the local unwinding of the DNA template by RNA polymerase. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between monocistronic and polycistronic RNA in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Monocistronic RNA in eukaryotic cells carries information from just one gene, while polycistronic RNA in prokaryotic cells carries information from more than one gene. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main processes involved in the flow of genetic information?

Transcription and translation Signup and view all the answers

Explain the characteristics of mRNA and tRNA.

mRNA carries codons for amino acid sequences and acts as a template for protein synthesis, while tRNA is the smallest RNA, folds into a tertiary structure, and transfers amino acids into ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Define the central dogma and explain its steps.

The central dogma is the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. The steps involve transcription, which is the synthesis of RNA from DNA, and translation, which is the formation of proteins from mRNA. Signup and view all the answers