30 Questions
During translation elongation, where does the next tRNA bind?
A site
What kind of bond is formed between the incoming amino acid and the end of the polypeptide chain on the tRNA in the P site?
Peptide bond
What is the role of translocation in translation elongation?
Moving the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain into the P site
When the ribosome reaches the stop codons during translation termination, what binds to stimulate the release of the polypeptide chain?
Termination proteins (release factors)
After the ribosome moves one codon down the mRNA during translation elongation, what happens to the tRNA from the A site?
It moves into the P site
At the end of translation termination, what dissociates from the mRNA?
Ribosome
What is the primary function of the enzyme that attaches a chain of adenine nucleotides to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA?
To add a poly(A)-tail to the pre-mRNA
What is the term for the three-letter words read from the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA during translation?
Codons
What is the purpose of the nuclear pore complex in mRNA transport?
To facilitate the exit of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
What is the term for the removal of non-coding sequences from the pre-mRNA?
Splicing
What is the primary function of the ribosome in protein synthesis?
To translate mRNA into proteins
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA → RNA → Protein
Where does the small subunit of a ribosome charged with a tRNA + the amino acid methionine typically attach when encountering an mRNA?
Start codon
What occurs when the large subunit of the ribosome joins the small subunit during translation initiation?
Protein synthesis begins
During elongation, what triggers the ribosome to move one triplet forward on the mRNA?
Match between mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon
At what point is the initial tRNA with the attached amino acid positioned during the translation process?
P site
What happens once the two ribosomal subunits come together during translation initiation?
Creation of a compactor for stability
Where do both ribosomal subunits typically assemble at the start of translation?
Start codon
Which process involves the dissociation of the ribosome's large and small subunits?
Translation
What can the small subunit of the ribosome be loaded with after dissociation?
New tRNA+methionine
How do proteins usually achieve their active conformation after synthesis?
Through spontaneous folding
Where are proteins targeted to within the cell, according to the text?
Specific organelles
How many amino acids are used to build up a protein, based on the information provided?
20
What do codons in the genetic code correspond to?
Amino acids
Which enzyme is responsible for uncoiling the double-stranded DNA during DNA replication?
Helicase
What was the main focus of the Meselson-Stahl experiment regarding DNA replication?
Origin of daughter genomes
What concept was supported by the Meselson-Stahl experiment findings?
Semi-conservative replication
During which stage of DNA replication does the assembly of a replication fork occur?
Initiation
What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
To join Okazaki fragments
Which isotope was initially used in the growth medium of bacterial cells in the Meselson-Stahl experiment?
15N
Test your knowledge on RNA transcription, translation, ribosome functions, genetic code, and the central dogma of molecular biology. Learn about the phases of translation: initiation, elongation, and termination. Explore mRNA processing and its major modifications before leaving the cell.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
