RNA Transcription and Protein Synthesis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

During translation elongation, where does the next tRNA bind?

  • E site
  • A site (correct)
  • F site
  • P site

    • What kind of bond is formed between the incoming amino acid and the end of the polypeptide chain on the tRNA in the P site?

  • Peptide bond (correct)
  • Glycosidic bond
  • Disulfide bond
  • Hydrogen bond

    • What is the role of translocation in translation elongation?

  • Initiating translation
  • Binding the stop codon
  • Increasing the peptide chain length
  • Moving the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain into the P site (correct)

    • When the ribosome reaches the stop codons during translation termination, what binds to stimulate the release of the polypeptide chain?

    <p>Termination proteins (release factors)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the ribosome moves one codon down the mRNA during translation elongation, what happens to the tRNA from the A site?

    <p>It moves into the P site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the end of translation termination, what dissociates from the mRNA?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the enzyme that attaches a chain of adenine nucleotides to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA?

    <p>To add a poly(A)-tail to the pre-mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the three-letter words read from the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA during translation?

    <p>Codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the nuclear pore complex in mRNA transport?

    <p>To facilitate the exit of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the removal of non-coding sequences from the pre-mRNA?

    <p>Splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

    <p>To translate mRNA into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>DNA → RNA → Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the small subunit of a ribosome charged with a tRNA + the amino acid methionine typically attach when encountering an mRNA?

    <p>Start codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the large subunit of the ribosome joins the small subunit during translation initiation?

    <p>Protein synthesis begins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During elongation, what triggers the ribosome to move one triplet forward on the mRNA?

    <p>Match between mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point is the initial tRNA with the attached amino acid positioned during the translation process?

    <p>P site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens once the two ribosomal subunits come together during translation initiation?

    <p>Creation of a compactor for stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do both ribosomal subunits typically assemble at the start of translation?

    <p>Start codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the dissociation of the ribosome's large and small subunits?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the small subunit of the ribosome be loaded with after dissociation?

    <p>New tRNA+methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do proteins usually achieve their active conformation after synthesis?

    <p>Through spontaneous folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins targeted to within the cell, according to the text?

    <p>Specific organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many amino acids are used to build up a protein, based on the information provided?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do codons in the genetic code correspond to?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for uncoiling the double-stranded DNA during DNA replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of the Meselson-Stahl experiment regarding DNA replication?

    <p>Origin of daughter genomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept was supported by the Meselson-Stahl experiment findings?

    <p>Semi-conservative replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of DNA replication does the assembly of a replication fork occur?

    <p>Initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

    <p>To join Okazaki fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isotope was initially used in the growth medium of bacterial cells in the Meselson-Stahl experiment?

    <p>15N</p> Signup and view all the answers

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