RNA Primers and DNA Replication

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Which process involves the separation of sister chromatids during cell division?

Mitosis (correct)
DNA repair
Cytokinesis
DNA replication

When does DNA synthesis occur during the cell cycle?

Cytokinesis
S phase (correct)
Interphase
M phase

What is the main purpose of DNA replication?

To distribute chromosomes to daughter cells
To repair damage to genetic material
To form new nuclear envelopes
To accurately reproduce genetic material (correct)

Which DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing the leading strand during DNA replication?

DNA polymerase III (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sliding clamp during DNA replication?

To stabilize the DNA polymerase (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for removing the RNA primer during DNA replication in eukaryotes?

FEN1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA strands during replication in bacteria?

DnaB (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the replication origin in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)?

Autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the directionality of DNA synthesis during replication?

5' -> 3' (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA polymerase is primarily responsible for DNA replication in cells?

DNA polymerase III (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which model of DNA replication suggests that the parent molecule is intact and a second, completely new copy is made?

Conservative model (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which model of DNA replication suggests that each strand of the double helix is a mixture of old and newly synthesized segments?

Dispersive model (A) Signup and view all the answers

What did Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl demonstrate about DNA replication?

DNA replication is semiconservative (B) Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes, replication of linear chromosomes is initiated at multiple sites, creating replication units called ____.

Replicons (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which direction does DNA polymerase synthesize the leading strand?

5' -> 3' (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the short fragments called that make up the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Okazaki fragments (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

Join Okazaki fragments (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication in bacteria?

DNA polymerase III (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading DNA during replication?

Exonuclease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA polymerase I in bacteria?

Removal and replacement of RNA primers (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA polymerase is responsible for nuclear DNA synthesis in eukaryotes?

DNA polymerase α (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of telomerase in eukaryotes?

DNA synthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA during replication in E. coli?

DNA helicase (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which protein keeps the DNA unwound and accessible to the replication machinery?

Single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

Joining adjacent DNA fragments (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the replisome in DNA replication?

Coordinating DNA unwinding and synthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Mitosis

The process where sister chromatids separate during cell division.

S phase

The phase of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs.

DNA replication

The process of accurately copying the genetic material before cell division.

DNA polymerase III

The main DNA polymerase involved in synthesizing the continuous strand (leading strand) during replication.