30 Questions
Which process involves the separation of sister chromatids during cell division?
Mitosis
When does DNA synthesis occur during the cell cycle?
S phase
Why is accurate DNA replication important for cells?
To prevent genetic mutations
What are sister chromatids?
Duplicated chromosomes attached to each other
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA strands during replication in E. coli?
DnaB
Which protein complex binds the replication origin in eukaryotes?
ORC
What is the direction of DNA synthesis during replication?
5' -> 3'
What is the function of the prereplication complex in eukaryotes?
License replication origins
Which enzyme is responsible for joining the Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?
DNA ligase
What is the direction of synthesis for the leading strand during DNA replication?
5' -> 3'
What is the role of RNA primers in DNA replication?
To initiate DNA synthesis
Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
Which enzyme is responsible for DNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes?
DNA polymerase III
What is the main function of DNA polymerase I in bacteria?
RNA primer removal and replacement
Which protein is responsible for unwinding double-stranded DNA in both bacteria and eukaryotes?
DNA helicase
Which enzyme is involved in joining adjacent DNA strands in both bacteria and eukaryotes?
DNA ligase
Which enzyme is responsible for removing the RNA primer during DNA replication in E. coli?
DNA polymerase I
Which protein is responsible for keeping the DNA unwound and accessible to the replication machinery?
SSB (single-stranded DNA binding protein)
What is the key enzyme for DNA replication in E. coli?
Gyrase
What is the protein complex called that includes the clamp loader, sliding clamp, and DNA polymerase linked together?
Holoenzyme
Which model of DNA replication suggests that the parent molecule is intact and a completely new copy is made?
Conservative replication
What is the key suggestion of the Watson and Crick model of DNA replication?
DNA replication is semiconservative
How did Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl demonstrate that DNA replication is semiconservative?
By using 14N and 15N to distinguish newly formed DNA strands from old strands
In E. coli, how does DNA replication proceed?
In a bidirectional manner
Which of the following statements about the leading and lagging strands in DNA replication is correct?
The sliding clamp and polymerase remain attached to the leading strand throughout replication.
Which protein acts along with DNA polymerase in eukaryotes during DNA replication?
Proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PCNA)
What is the role of RNAse H in eukaryotic DNA replication?
To nick the backbone of the RNA-DNA hybrid
What is the function of FEN1 in eukaryotic DNA replication?
To remove the RNA primer
What are replication factories in DNA replication?
Structures that coordinate multiple origins of replication
How are chromatin fibers unfolded ahead of the replication fork during DNA replication?
By chromatin remodeling proteins
Test your knowledge on the role of RNA primers in DNA replication. Explore how DNA polymerase adds nucleotides, the occurrence of initiation using an RNA primer, and the presence of RNA primers in Okazaki fragments.
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