Biology Quiz: DNA Replication and Cell Division

<p>It results in the random distribution of chromosomes into daughter cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells while meiosis produces genetically diverse daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sugar molecule, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased susceptibility to diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenine with Thymine, Guanine with Cytosine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to Asbestos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to asbestos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To carry oxygen to the tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron deficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy imbalance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidney failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is often aggressive and difficult to treat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of cardiovascular disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to the extinction of a population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gene flow can either increase or decrease genetic diversity depending on the specific scenario. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small populations have a smaller gene pool, making them more susceptible to the loss of alleles by chance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher survival rates of bacteria in the presence of specific antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High rates of gene flow decrease genetic variation between populations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive exposure to sunlight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its ability to spread to lymph nodes and other organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormone therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to UV radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They involve the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that offspring inherit a complete set of genetic information from their parents, ensuring their survival. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis allows for the growth and development of an organism by producing new cells, ultimately forming all the tissues and organs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both DNAs are associated with histones for structural support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic DNA is typically shorter and often exists in multiple chromosomes, while eukaryotic DNA is longer and usually exists as a single chromosome. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as a template for the synthesis of proteins, carrying the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To carry amino acids to the ribosomes, where they are used to build proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription occurs before translation, converting genetic information from DNA to mRNA, which is then used as a template for protein synthesis in translation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mother: <em>I</em>A <em>i</em> Father: <em>I</em>B <em>i</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If both parents share the same phenotype, and at least one child has a different phenotype. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replication of DNA during mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incomplete dominance inheritance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Daughters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Co-dominance involves both alleles being expressed, while incomplete dominance results in a blend of phenotypes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process where a diploid parent cell divides to produce two identical diploid daughter cells.

A process where a diploid parent cell produces four genetically different haploid daughter cells for sexual reproduction.

A process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange sections, creating new gene combinations.

Random separation of homologous pairs during meiosis, resulting in diverse combinations of chromosomes in daughter cells.

The Watson and Crick model describes DNA as a polymer made of nucleotides; double-stranded and helical.

Basic building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.

Process of copying DNA where the double strand unzips and each strand serves as a template for a new strand.

An enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding complementary nucleotides to exposed bases during replication.

DNA that is linear, found in multiple chromosomes within the nucleus, associated with proteins.

DNA that is circular and found in a single chromosome within the cytoplasm, simpler than eukaryotic DNA.

The process in which the DNA code is copied into mRNA in the nucleus.

The process where mRNA is decoded to build a protein, occurring in the ribosomes.

The entire process including transcription and translation to create proteins based on DNA code.

When bacteria mutate and become immune to specific antibiotics, passing this trait to future generations.

A random process that affects allele frequencies in small populations, decreasing genetic variation.

Movement of alleles between populations, typically through migration, increasing genetic diversity.

Occurs when a population loses so much genetic variation that it can no longer survive or reproduce.

Increased health and survival prospects in a population due to genetic diversity from gene flow.

An abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, often impacting development and health.

The fusion of male and female gametes to create a zygote with a unique genotype.

A genetic scenario where both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype.

A genetic condition where neither allele is fully dominant, leading to a blend in phenotype.

Traits associated with genes found on sex chromosomes, affecting mainly males.

A diagram showing the genetic history of a family, useful for identifying inheritance patterns.

More than two versions of a gene exist in a population, affecting traits.

A trait that appears in offspring if at least one parent carries the dominant allele.

Excessive calories, poor diet, inactivity, and genetics contribute to health issues.

Increases risk of diseases like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular issues.

Group of diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth and potential metastasis.

A serious skin cancer from melanocytes, often caused by UV exposure.

Cancer that begins in the lungs, primarily affecting the lining cells.

A condition where cells don't respond well to insulin, causing high blood sugar.

Elevated blood sugar levels that can lead to severe health issues over time.

Aggressive cancer primarily affecting lung linings due to asbestos exposure.

A group of minerals linked to lung disease when inhaled; causes mesothelioma.

A deficiency of red blood cells that reduces oxygen transport, causing fatigue.

The most common form of anaemia caused by insufficient iron in the diet.

A chronic condition defined by excessive body fat that raises health risks.

Health problems arising from inadequate intake of essential nutrients or vitamins.