RN Pharmacology Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What medication is a leukotriene receptor antagonist?

Montelukast

Which statement made by a person regarding hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is correct?

I should take extra care when standing up or changing positions.

A 250mg dose of an oral medication has been ordered. The medication is supplied only in 100mg tablets. How many tablets would you administer?

2.5

What medication is considered a potassium-sparing diuretic?

Spironolactone Signup and view all the answers

What would you suspect if the person is red and itchy after receiving IV vancomycin?

Red man syndrome due to a rapid infusion rate. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would you question if prescribed for a person taking sildenafil (Viagra)?

Nitroglycerin Signup and view all the answers

Which IV solution would you administer for a capillary blood glucose of 33 mg/dL in a person unable to tolerate oral intake?

Dextrose 50% IV push Signup and view all the answers

What changes would you suggest for an order of Insulin glargine (Lantus), 10 U, subQ QD?

Spell out units and daily. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the need for further education regarding a new prescription of warfarin (Coumadin)?

If I get headaches, aspirin is my best option for pain. Signup and view all the answers

What medication would you question if a person has a penicillin allergy?

Ceftriaxone Signup and view all the answers

For a person weighing 75 kg, what is the starting rate of the Heparin infusion at 18 units/kg/hr?

27 mL/hr Signup and view all the answers

How many mL of a medication supplied in a 10 mg/mL solution would you administer for a dose of 0.5 mg/kg for a 40 kg patient?

2 mL Signup and view all the answers

What medication would you expect to administer for a person with a serum calcium level of 13 mg/dL?

Calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

What drug is contraindicated for a person with a known GI bleed?

Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Signup and view all the answers

What education would you provide for a person prescribed nitrofurantoin (Furadantin) for a UTI?

Wash your mouth out after taking this medication to avoid staining of the teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What is appropriate education for a person who has received a new prescription for a PPI?

You should not take this medicine at the same time as other medicines. Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic do you anticipate being ordered for a patient with CHF and a Potassium level of 5.8?

NOT amiloride Signup and view all the answers

When teaching about high potassium foods to a patient taking Lasix 80 mg PO twice a day, which group of foods would you recommend avoiding?

NOT tofu, red meat, beans Signup and view all the answers

Which medication would you question if ordered for a patient complaining of nausea and vomiting?

Famotidine Signup and view all the answers

What is the best intervention for a patient complaining of itching and flushing shortly after administering an IV medication?

Administer PRN IV diphenhydramine and notify MD. Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST appropriate action if a patient refuses a dose of IV medication?

Document the refusal and notify the MD. Signup and view all the answers

What amount of elixir will you prepare for an order to administer 1 tsp?

5 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important action to prevent CLABSI in a patient with a central line receiving TPN?

Perform correct sterile technique. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate action for a patient with an NG tube who has an order for sublingual medication?

Administer the med. Signup and view all the answers

What would you include in education for a patient prescribed a corticosteroid inhaler?

Rinse mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What medication is incompatible with Lactated Ringer's solution?

Diazepam Signup and view all the answers

What medication might be prescribed for new onset dysrhythmia?

Diltiazem Signup and view all the answers

What food should a patient on a potassium intake restriction avoid?

Raisins Signup and view all the answers

What order would you question for a patient being treated for pain after an orthopedic procedure?

Eplerenone Signup and view all the answers

How many mL would you give for an order of 4 mg of dexamethasone IV push supplied in a 10 mg/mL vial?

0.4 mL Signup and view all the answers

What education do you provide for a patient on a morphine PCA without a basal infusion rate?

Small dose is delivered only when you push the trigger button. Signup and view all the answers

What statement indicates understanding of signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia for a patient with diabetes?

Sweating, shakes, nervousness. Signup and view all the answers

What class of medication would you expect ordered for a person with acid reflux?

PPI Signup and view all the answers

What would you do FIRST for a patient whose BP improved from 92/58 to 130/70 while on an epidural infusion?

NOT: Ask the person to rate their pain. Signup and view all the answers

What do you do next if an order to give digoxin is received and the HR is 52?

Hold dig and call MD. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Red man syndrome?

Increased histamine production. Signup and view all the answers

Why is normal saline the solution of choice when preparing to administer a blood transfusion?

NS is isotonic. Signup and view all the answers

What size induration from the Mantoux test would require further TB diagnostic testing?

Induration size is not provided. Signup and view all the answers

What statement is correct for confirming the right patient before administering a drug?

Ask them to state their name and DOB and compare it to the MAR and wrist band. Signup and view all the answers

What medication to give if a patient on morphine PCA is unresponsive and suspected of narcotic overdose?

Narcan Signup and view all the answers

What statement made by a patient with a new script for levothyroxine is correct?

Take at the same time every day. Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate for an order of 1000 mL of normal saline over 6 hours?

166.67 mL/hr Signup and view all the answers

125 mcg is how many mg?

0.125 mg Signup and view all the answers

How much medication do you give for a patient weighing 80 kg on a 5 mg/kg dose?

400 mg Signup and view all the answers

What would be assessed immediately before administering digoxin?

Apical HR Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for heparin?

Protamine sulfate Signup and view all the answers

How many mL to give for Lasix ordered at 50 mg IV push when on hand is 20 mg/mL?

2.5 mL Signup and view all the answers

Which medication will help with migraines?

Rizatriptan Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct statement regarding OTC drug labels?

I should pay attention to OTC drug label. Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is an antiplatelet?

Clopidogrel Signup and view all the answers

How many mL to give for atropine sulfate 0.6 mg IM if supplied in 0.8 mg/mL?

0.75 mL Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pharmacology Study Notes

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist: Montelukast is the medication used to block leukotriene receptors.
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) Safety: Patients should take extra care when standing or changing positions due to potential orthostatic hypotension.
Medication Dosage Calculation: For a 250mg dose when only 100mg tablets are available, administer 2.5 tablets (rounded appropriately).
Potassium-Sparing Diuretic: Spironolactone (Aldactone) is classified as a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Red Man Syndrome: Observed with IV vancomycin, symptoms include facial flushing and itching, likely due to rapid infusion.
Drug Interaction Warning: Nitroglycerin should be avoided in patients taking sildenafil (Viagra) due to serious hypotension risks.
Hypoglycemia Management: For a capillary blood glucose of 33 mg/dL and inability to take oral intake, administer dextrose 50% IV push.
Medication Order Clarity: Always spell out units and avoid abbreviations in medication orders to enhance safety.
Warfarin Education: Patients should be informed that aspirin is not a safe alternative pain relief option due to increased bleeding risk.
Penicillin Allergy: Ceftriaxone should be questioned for a patient with a known penicillin allergy.
Heparin Infusion Calculation: For a patient weighing 75 kg at a rate of 18 units/kg/hr, a starting rate of 27 mL/hr is needed from a 500 mL bag containing 25,000 units.
Medication Dosage Calculation for Injection: For 0.5 mg/kg of a medication supplied in a 10 mg/mL solution for a 40 kg patient, administer 2 mL.
Hypoparathyroidism Treatment: Calcitonin may be used for a patient with a serum calcium level of 13 mg/dL.
Contraindicated Drug: Enoxaparin (Lovenox) is contraindicated in patients with a known gastrointestinal bleed.
Nitrofurantoin Education: Advise patients to wash their mouths after taking nitrofurantoin to prevent tooth staining.
PPI Education: Patients should not take Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) concurrently with other medications.
CHF Management: A patient with CHF and high potassium levels (5.8) should not receive amiloride.
Dietary Recommendations: For a patient on Lasix 80 mg twice daily, avoid recommending potassium-containing foods like tofu, red meat, and beans.
Nausea Treatment Questioning: Famotidine should be questioned for treating nausea and vomiting.
Allergic Reaction Management: For itching and hives after an IV medication, administer PRN IV diphenhydramine and notify the physician.
Medication Refusal Protocol: Document a patient’s refusal of IV medication and notify the physician.
Elixir Measurement: 1 tsp of elixir is equivalent to approximately 5 mL.
CLABSI Prevention: Employ correct sterile technique for patients receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) through a central line.
Sublingual Medication Administration: If a patient has an NG tube, administer sublingual medications as ordered.
Corticosteroid Inhaler Education: Remind patients to rinse their mouths after using corticosteroid inhalers to prevent oral thrush.
Medication Incompatibility: Diazepam should not be mixed with Lactated Ringer's solution.
Dysrhythmia Treatment: Diltiazem may be prescribed for new onset dysrhythmia.
Dietary Restrictions for Cyclosporine: Advise patients on cyclosporine to avoid high potassium foods, such as raisins.
Pain Management Order Questioning: Eplerenone should be questioned in a patient being treated for post-operative pain.
Dexamethasone IV Push Calculation: For a 4 mg order with a supply of 10 mg/mL, administer 0.4 mL.
Morphine PCA Education: Explain that a small dose is delivered only when the trigger button is pushed to alleviate fears of overdose.
Hypoglycemia Symptoms: Patients with diabetes should recognize signs of hypoglycemia, including sweating, shaking, and nervousness.
Acid Reflux Treatment: PPIs are expected for treatment of acid reflux.
Initial Action for BP Change: For a patient with changing blood pressure receiving an epidural, avoid asking for a pain rating first; assess the patient’s condition first.
Digoxin Administration Protocol: If heart rate is below 60 bpm, hold digoxin and contact the physician.
Red Man Syndrome Cause: Increased histamine production is the primary cause of Red Man syndrome.
Blood Transfusion Preparation: Normal saline (NS) is the preferred isotonic solution for preparing blood transfusions.
Skin Test Reference for TB: An induration of 10mm or more on a Mantoux test needs further diagnostic testing, especially in low-risk individuals.
Patient Identification Protocol: Confirm that patients state their name and date of birth, matching them with the Medication Administration Record (MAR) and wristband.
Narcotic Overdose Treatment: Administer Narcan if a patient on morphine PCA is unresponsive, suggesting potential overdose.
Levothyroxine Administration Advice: Correct administration advice includes taking it consistently, but not necessarily at the same time daily.
IV Fluid Calculation: For an order of 1000 mL of NS to be infused over 6 hours, the rate is approximately 166.67 mL/hr.
Microgram to Milligram Conversion: 125 mcg is equivalent to 0.125 mg.
Medication Dosage Calculation: For a patient weighing 80 kg requiring 5 mg/kg of medication, the total dose is 400 mg.
Digoxin Administration Assessment: Always check the apical heart rate before administering digoxin.
Heparin Antidote: Protamine sulfate acts as the primary antidote for heparin.
Lasix Administration Calculation: For 50 mg of Lasix with a concentration of 20 mg/mL, the dosage to administer is 2.5 mL.
Migraine Treatment Identification: Rizatriptan is indicated for migraine treatment.
OTC Medication Awareness: Patients frequently taking Tylenol should monitor the labels of OTC drugs to avoid unintentional overdose.
Antiplatelet Medication: Clopidogrel is recognized as an antiplatelet medication.
Atropine Administration Calculation: For atropine sulfate 0.6 mg IM with a concentration of 0.8 mg/mL, administer 0.75 mL.

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Test your knowledge on pharmacology with these flashcards tailored for registered nurses. Covering important topics like leukotriene receptor antagonists and proper medication administration, this quiz will help you sharpen your understanding and application skills in pharmacological principles.