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Questions and Answers
Which type of drug is designed to alleviate symptoms without addressing the underlying disease?
Which type of drug is designed to alleviate symptoms without addressing the underlying disease?
A medication that replaces body fluids is best described as what type of drug?
A medication that replaces body fluids is best described as what type of drug?
What is the primary focus of a therapeutic effect of a medication?
What is the primary focus of a therapeutic effect of a medication?
A patient exhibits a skin rash and itching after taking a new medication. What kind of reaction is this most likely?
A patient exhibits a skin rash and itching after taking a new medication. What kind of reaction is this most likely?
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What is the most immediate and severe symptom of an anaphylactic reaction to a drug?
What is the most immediate and severe symptom of an anaphylactic reaction to a drug?
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Which situation would be LEAST likely to result in drug toxicity?
Which situation would be LEAST likely to result in drug toxicity?
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A nurse should know the 'reason' for a drug prescription. This relates directly to which drug effect?
A nurse should know the 'reason' for a drug prescription. This relates directly to which drug effect?
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What is the key characteristic of a 'curative' drug?
What is the key characteristic of a 'curative' drug?
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What is the primary reason for a student nurse to countersign or have their work counterchecked?
What is the primary reason for a student nurse to countersign or have their work counterchecked?
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During the pre-reading of the MAR, which of the following actions should a nurse take first?
During the pre-reading of the MAR, which of the following actions should a nurse take first?
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Why is it essential to check a patient's profile for related records before medication administration?
Why is it essential to check a patient's profile for related records before medication administration?
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When performing a bedside patient assessment, which action is of utmost importance and MUST be done?
When performing a bedside patient assessment, which action is of utmost importance and MUST be done?
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How many times should a nurse check the medication before it is administered to the patient?
How many times should a nurse check the medication before it is administered to the patient?
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When confirming a patient's identity, what is the optimal way to ask for their name?
When confirming a patient's identity, what is the optimal way to ask for their name?
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According to the provided guidelines, what is the most important action a healthcare professional should take if a medication order is unclear or if there is any doubt about its appropriateness?
According to the provided guidelines, what is the most important action a healthcare professional should take if a medication order is unclear or if there is any doubt about its appropriateness?
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What is the primary purpose of the Hospital Authority Standard Drug Formulary, as implemented since 2005?
What is the primary purpose of the Hospital Authority Standard Drug Formulary, as implemented since 2005?
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What does the 'generic name' of a drug refer to?
What does the 'generic name' of a drug refer to?
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According to the information provided, which of the following is NOT a category of drugs listed in the HA drug formulary?
According to the information provided, which of the following is NOT a category of drugs listed in the HA drug formulary?
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What is the correct order of actions when administering medication after a pre-assessment and 3-checks?
What is the correct order of actions when administering medication after a pre-assessment and 3-checks?
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What information must be provided by a licensed medical practitioner on a valid medication order?
What information must be provided by a licensed medical practitioner on a valid medication order?
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In addition to the medication details, what patient-specific information should be included on a medication order to ensure accuracy and safety?
In addition to the medication details, what patient-specific information should be included on a medication order to ensure accuracy and safety?
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Why should a patient's weight, especially in neonates, be included on a medication order?
Why should a patient's weight, especially in neonates, be included on a medication order?
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What are the '5 rights' related to administering medication mentioned as ‘3 check 5 right’?
What are the '5 rights' related to administering medication mentioned as ‘3 check 5 right’?
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What action should healthcare professionals take when there is a risk of drug-drug interaction or a contraindication, based on risk alerts?
What action should healthcare professionals take when there is a risk of drug-drug interaction or a contraindication, based on risk alerts?
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Which of the following is the most appropriate initial consideration when determining drug administration?
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial consideration when determining drug administration?
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What is the maximum recommended daily dose of paracetamol for an adult?
What is the maximum recommended daily dose of paracetamol for an adult?
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If a prescription indicates 2 tablespoons of a liquid medication, what is the equivalent volume in milliliters?
If a prescription indicates 2 tablespoons of a liquid medication, what is the equivalent volume in milliliters?
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Which calculation is correct for converting 1 gram to milligrams?
Which calculation is correct for converting 1 gram to milligrams?
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A patient is prescribed 1 fluid ounce of a medication. Approximately how many milliliters is this?
A patient is prescribed 1 fluid ounce of a medication. Approximately how many milliliters is this?
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According to the provided conversions, which of the following is NOT a correct equivalent?
According to the provided conversions, which of the following is NOT a correct equivalent?
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What is a crucial step to ensure the safe administration of medication?
What is a crucial step to ensure the safe administration of medication?
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If a medication is prescribed at a dose of $0.25$ g, how many milligrams should be administered?
If a medication is prescribed at a dose of $0.25$ g, how many milligrams should be administered?
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A patient with phlebitis requires pain relief. Which route of administration should be avoided when giving their medication?
A patient with phlebitis requires pain relief. Which route of administration should be avoided when giving their medication?
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A patient is prescribed insulin. Which of the following is an appropriate route of administration?
A patient is prescribed insulin. Which of the following is an appropriate route of administration?
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A medication is prescribed 'QID'. Which of the following is an appropriate administration schedule?
A medication is prescribed 'QID'. Which of the following is an appropriate administration schedule?
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Which of the following time ranges would be considered acceptable for administering a medication prescribed at 1400, according to the 'Time lapse' rule?
Which of the following time ranges would be considered acceptable for administering a medication prescribed at 1400, according to the 'Time lapse' rule?
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If a medication is prescribed as 'om', at what time should it be administered?
If a medication is prescribed as 'om', at what time should it be administered?
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A patient is prescribed a medication 'BD'. Which of the following is a suitable administration times for this medication?
A patient is prescribed a medication 'BD'. Which of the following is a suitable administration times for this medication?
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What does the abbreviation 'a.c.' refer to, on a medication chart?
What does the abbreviation 'a.c.' refer to, on a medication chart?
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A medication is prescribed 'Q6H'. Which of the following represents a suitable schedule?
A medication is prescribed 'Q6H'. Which of the following represents a suitable schedule?
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When administering anti-hypertensive medications, what crucial step should be taken after the medication is given?
When administering anti-hypertensive medications, what crucial step should be taken after the medication is given?
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Which of the following is NOT a highlighted component of a safe medication procedure?
Which of the following is NOT a highlighted component of a safe medication procedure?
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What is a key advantage of using Inpatient Medication Entry (IPMOE)?
What is a key advantage of using Inpatient Medication Entry (IPMOE)?
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A topical skin medication is prescribed; which is the least appropriate form?
A topical skin medication is prescribed; which is the least appropriate form?
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You are instructed to apply a transdermal patch. What is an important step from the following list, that must be taken before applying the new patch?
You are instructed to apply a transdermal patch. What is an important step from the following list, that must be taken before applying the new patch?
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What is the first step listed when preparing for ophthalmic medication administration?
What is the first step listed when preparing for ophthalmic medication administration?
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Which action should a nurse do after instilling liquid eye drops, in order to prevent medication absorption?
Which action should a nurse do after instilling liquid eye drops, in order to prevent medication absorption?
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In the context of ophthalmic medication administration, what is the purpose of asking the patient to look up and away during instillation?
In the context of ophthalmic medication administration, what is the purpose of asking the patient to look up and away during instillation?
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Study Notes
Principle of Administration of Medications (AOM)
- AOM is a core nursing skill
- Learning Objectives for AOM:
- Define common medication terms
- Understand basic principles of AOM (3 checks and 5 rights)
- Describe various medication routes and related techniques
- Calculate correct drug dosages
- Understand nurse roles in medication administration
- Discuss lab results related to AOM
- Reasons for prescribing drugs:
- Palliative: Relieves disease symptoms without curing the disease
- Curative: Cures a disease or condition
- Supportive: Supports body function until other treatments are effective
- Substitutive: Replaces body fluids or substances
- Chemotherapeutic: Destroys malignant cells
- Restorative: Returns the body to health
- Drug effects:
- Therapeutic effect: Desired effect of a drug
- Side effect: Unintended, usually predictable effect
- Adverse effects: Harmful effects resulting from drug toxicity or overdose
- Drug toxicity: Harmful effects from a drug
- Over-dosage: Taking more of a drug than prescribed
- Drug accumulation: Drug buildup in the blood due to impaired metabolism or excretion - related to patient's profile
- Drug Allergy:
- Mild reactions: Skin rash, itching, angioedema, etc
- Severe reactions (anaphylactic reaction): Life-threatening, including wheezing, dyspnea (shortness of breath), acute hypotension and tachycardia
- Legal Documents and Supervision:
- The Nursing Council of Hong Kong regulates AOM practices
- The Code of ethics and professional conduct for Nurses is provided by NCHK
- Standard procedures and guidelines are in place for safe AOM.
- Nurse Responsibilities in AOM:
- Understand local policies
- Assess patient condition before administering
- Administer medication correctly
- Ensure proper use of and disposal of medication devices
- Evaluate patient progress
- Educate clients and caregivers
- Report medication incidents
- Keep up-to-date on medication knowledge
- Safety Issues:
- Proper storage of medications (e.g., drug trolley with locked key)
- Proper handling of medications (3 checks, 5 rights, non-touch technique)
- Careful monitoring of drug effects
- Medication Error:
- Causes: Non-compliance with 3 checks/5 rights, poor communication, wrong labeling or packaging, inadequate education
- Examples: Forgetting a dose, wrong dosage, wrong drug, wrong route
- Medication Order:
- Needed information includes:
- Licensed medical practitioner information (institute, doctor’s name, code & signature, On Date & Off Date).
- Patient identity (Full name, Hospital no or HKID or passport no)
- Drug allergy history
- Diagnosis
- Drug name, Form, Route, Strength
- Dosage instructions (Conditional)
- Drug specific duration (time)/dosage
- Medication Error prevention:
- Proper identification of the patient and the medication
- Verification of allergies
- Strict adherence to drug administration policies (3 checks/5 rights rule)
- Clear communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals.
- Verify all prescription information thoroughly.
- Be careful about look-alike/sound-alike drugs
- Check drug interaction and contraindication
- Drug Form/Preparation
- According to prescription
- Based on patient situation (e.g., swallowing difficulty)
- Drug Action:
- Check the prescription for therapeutic effect; contraindication, adverse effect/allergic reaction etc
- Safe Therapeutic Dosage:
- Adhere to the correct dosage for both adults and children.
- Familiar with typical dosage ranges.
- Measurement Methods:
- Be aware of the equivalent measurements between metric and apothecaries' or household systems.
- Dosage Calculations:
- Using the correct formula for calculating medication doses in tablets or solutions.
- Drug Supply System:
- Ward stock: Bulk stock of commonly used drugs; Weekly refill by Pharmacist.
- Individual patient dispensing: Individual supply of medication for each patient ( with label); 3-5 days' stock.
- Other Parenteral medication administration:
- Intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous routes.
- Hospital Authority Standard Drug Formulary:
- Implemented since 2005 to ensure equitable access
- Standard categories of drugs: General, special, self-financed items with/without safety net.
- 3 Checks:
- Before taking medication out of container.
- After taking drug out from container.
- Before returning drug container to trolley.
- 5 Rights of Medication Administration:
- Right Patient, Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Route, Right Time.
- Interpretation of Lab Results
- Importance of proper documentation, recording, and reporting practices.
- Compliance to hospital policies
- Medication incident reporting
Medication Order
- Includes vital patient information
- Must clearly specify drug and dosage instructions.
- Essential information: Patient's Name, Hospital Number, Doctor's name, date, time
Important Considerations in AOM
- Patient safety is paramount
- Always follow established procedures and guidelines
- Communicate any concerns with patients or other healthcare colleagues immediately.
- Ensure proper documentation is in place for every medication administration.
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Description
Test your understanding of pharmacology principles with this quiz aimed at nursing students. Questions will cover drug classifications, therapeutic effects, and potential reactions—including adverse effects. Perfect for those looking to strengthen their knowledge in medication administration and patient safety.
