Rights of Therapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)?

  • Applying research evidence to clinical practice
  • Asking a focused question (correct)
  • Evaluating outcomes of applied evidence to practice/patient
  • Performing a critical appraisal of the literature

Which type of evidence in EBM involves interpretation of original research?

  • Clinical trials
  • Tertiary evidence
  • Systematic reviews (correct)
  • Primary evidence

In EBM, what does 'Right dose form (route)' refer to?

  • Optimal drug dosage for treatment
  • Ensuring the drug is formulated correctly
  • Selecting the appropriate patient for treatment
  • Correct route for drug administration (correct)

What type of studies fall under primary evidence in EBM?

<p>Clinical trials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the process of Evidence Based Medicine?

<p>Evaluating outcomes of applied evidence to practice/patient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of study design starts with the outcome and works backwards?

<p>Case-control design (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major advantage of a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?

<p>Provides unbiased distribution of risk factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study is used to describe the frequency and occurrence of diseases or conditions?

<p>Descriptive study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of pharmacoepidemiology?

<p>Studying drug use and effects in large populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor makes observational studies less reliable compared to RCTs?

<p>Reliance on single findings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage associated with case-control study designs?

<p>Inability to establish causation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which study design assesses the relationship between two factors?

<p>Analytic study (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key benefits of pharmacoepidemiology in relation to drug safety?

<p>It provides insights into real-world drug use and safety. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are cross-sectional analytical studies limited in determining causation?

<p>They cannot establish temporal relationships. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of design involves observing exposure and outcome without intervening?

<p>Descriptive study (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the incidence of headaches in the exposed group?

<p>a/(a+b) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In pharmacokinetics, what is the term used to describe the equilibrium between the free and bound fractions of a drug?

<p>Distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolizing enzymes in the body?

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physicochemical property influences drug distribution within tissues based on the content provided?

<p>Tissue permeability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of pharmacokinetics as discussed in the content?

<p>Concentration effect relationship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of compounds tend to accumulate in lipids or fats based on the provided information?

<p>Lipophilic compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for assessing the overall drug exposure in an individual according to the text?

<p>'Metabolite(s)' measurement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RR stand for in epidemiological terms as discussed in the text?

<p>'Risk Ratio' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for considering the route of drug administration?

<p>Time to onset of effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration bypasses first-pass metabolism in the liver?

<p>Intravenous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the frequency of dosing for a drug?

<p>Half-life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway of drug elimination involves making compounds more water-soluble?

<p>Phase 1 pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique characteristic of enalapril regarding its pharmacological action?

<p>Long-acting metabolite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration provides complete absorption without first-pass metabolism?

<p>Inhalation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing dose adjustment between different routes of drug administration?

<p>Bioavailability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter describes the efficiency of drug elimination from the body?

<p>Clearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Conjugation' as a pathway of drug elimination results in which type of elimination?

<p>'Phase 2' pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Interplay of Volume of Distribution and Clearance' primarily determines what aspect of dosing?

<p>'Frequency of dosing' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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