Rights of Therapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine

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What is the first step in Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)?

Applying research evidence to clinical practice

Asking a focused question (correct)

Evaluating outcomes of applied evidence to practice/patient

Performing a critical appraisal of the literature

Which type of evidence in EBM involves interpretation of original research?

Clinical trials

Tertiary evidence

Systematic reviews (correct)

Primary evidence

In EBM, what does 'Right dose form (route)' refer to?

Optimal drug dosage for treatment

Ensuring the drug is formulated correctly

Selecting the appropriate patient for treatment

Correct route for drug administration (correct)

What type of studies fall under primary evidence in EBM?

Clinical trials (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the process of Evidence Based Medicine?

Evaluating outcomes of applied evidence to practice/patient (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of study design starts with the outcome and works backwards?

Case-control design (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major advantage of a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?

Provides unbiased distribution of risk factors (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study is used to describe the frequency and occurrence of diseases or conditions?

Descriptive study (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of pharmacoepidemiology?

Studying drug use and effects in large populations (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor makes observational studies less reliable compared to RCTs?

Reliance on single findings (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage associated with case-control study designs?

Inability to establish causation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which study design assesses the relationship between two factors?

Analytic study (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key benefits of pharmacoepidemiology in relation to drug safety?

It provides insights into real-world drug use and safety. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are cross-sectional analytical studies limited in determining causation?

They cannot establish temporal relationships. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of design involves observing exposure and outcome without intervening?

Descriptive study (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the incidence of headaches in the exposed group?

a/(a+b) (A) Signup and view all the answers

In pharmacokinetics, what is the term used to describe the equilibrium between the free and bound fractions of a drug?

Distribution (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolizing enzymes in the body?

Liver (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which physicochemical property influences drug distribution within tissues based on the content provided?

Tissue permeability (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of pharmacokinetics as discussed in the content?

Concentration effect relationship (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of compounds tend to accumulate in lipids or fats based on the provided information?

Lipophilic compounds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for assessing the overall drug exposure in an individual according to the text?

'Metabolite(s)' measurement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does RR stand for in epidemiological terms as discussed in the text?

'Risk Ratio' (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for considering the route of drug administration?

Time to onset of effect (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration bypasses first-pass metabolism in the liver?

Intravenous (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the frequency of dosing for a drug?

Half-life (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway of drug elimination involves making compounds more water-soluble?

Phase 1 pathway (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique characteristic of enalapril regarding its pharmacological action?

Long-acting metabolite (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration provides complete absorption without first-pass metabolism?

Inhalation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing dose adjustment between different routes of drug administration?

Bioavailability (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter describes the efficiency of drug elimination from the body?

Clearance (A) Signup and view all the answers

'Conjugation' as a pathway of drug elimination results in which type of elimination?

'Phase 2' pathway (D) Signup and view all the answers

'Interplay of Volume of Distribution and Clearance' primarily determines what aspect of dosing?

'Frequency of dosing' (C) Signup and view all the answers

Rights of Therapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)?

Which type of evidence in EBM involves interpretation of original research?

In EBM, what does 'Right dose form (route)' refer to?

What type of studies fall under primary evidence in EBM?

What is the final step in the process of Evidence Based Medicine?

What type of study design starts with the outcome and works backwards?

What is the major advantage of a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?

Which type of study is used to describe the frequency and occurrence of diseases or conditions?

What is the primary focus of pharmacoepidemiology?

Which factor makes observational studies less reliable compared to RCTs?

What is the main disadvantage associated with case-control study designs?

Which study design assesses the relationship between two factors?

What is one of the key benefits of pharmacoepidemiology in relation to drug safety?

Why are cross-sectional analytical studies limited in determining causation?

Which type of design involves observing exposure and outcome without intervening?

What is the formula to calculate the incidence of headaches in the exposed group?

In pharmacokinetics, what is the term used to describe the equilibrium between the free and bound fractions of a drug?

What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolizing enzymes in the body?

Which physicochemical property influences drug distribution within tissues based on the content provided?

What is the main focus of pharmacokinetics as discussed in the content?

Which type of compounds tend to accumulate in lipids or fats based on the provided information?

What is essential for assessing the overall drug exposure in an individual according to the text?

What does RR stand for in epidemiological terms as discussed in the text?

What is the primary reason for considering the route of drug administration?

Which route of administration bypasses first-pass metabolism in the liver?

What determines the frequency of dosing for a drug?

Which pathway of drug elimination involves making compounds more water-soluble?

What is the unique characteristic of enalapril regarding its pharmacological action?

Which route of drug administration provides complete absorption without first-pass metabolism?

What is the primary factor influencing dose adjustment between different routes of drug administration?

Which parameter describes the efficiency of drug elimination from the body?

'Conjugation' as a pathway of drug elimination results in which type of elimination?

'Interplay of Volume of Distribution and Clearance' primarily determines what aspect of dosing?

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