52 Questions
What is Stoicism?
A school of philosophy
What is eudaimonia according to Stoicism?
Happiness
What is the path to eudaimonia according to Stoicism?
A life spent practicing virtue and living in accordance with nature
What do the Stoics believe about external things like health, wealth, and pleasure?
They are good or bad in themselves
What is the meaning of 'prohairesis' in Stoicism?
Maintaining a will in accordance with nature
Who was a famous adherent of Stoicism?
Marcus Aurelius
What led to the decline of Stoicism?
The rise of Christianity
What was the original name of Stoicism?
Zenonism
What was the Stoa Poikile?
A public space where Stoicism was taught
What is the main focus of human knowledge according to Stoicism?
Naturalistic ethics
What is the primary aspect of Stoicism?
Improving individual's ethical and moral well-being
What is the Stoic ethic's perspective on determinism?
It espouses a deterministic perspective
Which phase of Stoicism includes Musonius Rufus, Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius?
Late Stoa
What did Cleanthes once say about the wicked man?
He is like a dog tied to a cart and compelled to go wherever it goes
What is the Stoic understanding of the logos?
The logos is the active reason or anima mundi pervading and animating the entire Universe.
What is the foundation of Stoic ethics?
Good lies in the state of the soul itself; in wisdom and self-control.
What is a passion according to the Stoics?
A disturbing and misleading force in the mind which occurs because of a failure to reason correctly.
What is the ideal Stoic's view on the passions?
Passions are evaluative judgements and should be corrected through reasoning.
What is the passive substance according to Stoic physics?
Matter
What is the foundation of both humanity and the universe according to Stoicism?
Right Reason
What is Stoic theology?
A fatalistic and naturalistic pantheism
What is the Stoic view on the start and end of time and the Universe?
They have no start or end, rather they are cyclical
What are the souls of humans and animals according to Stoicism?
All of the above
What was Zeno's view on marriage?
He believed it was a natural occurrence
How did Zeno view same sex relationships?
He regarded them positively
According to Epictetus, how should one approach sexual relationships?
They should be limited in order to retain self-control
What was Musonius' view on sex?
It should only be for procreation
How did early Christian writers view Stoicism?
As a pagan philosophy
What are the four passions arranged by the Stoics?
Distress, pleasure, fear, and lust
What is the difference between the wise person's emotional impulses and the passions?
The wise person experiences good feelings, while the passions are excessive
Under what headings did the Stoics list the good-feelings?
Joy, wish, and caution
When is suicide permissible for the wise person according to the Stoics?
Suicide is permissible for the wise person in circumstances that might prevent them from living a virtuous life
What is the difference between early Stoics and late Stoics in their views of love and sexuality?
Early Stoics were more accepting of romantic love and sexual relationships than late Stoics
What is a similarity between Stoicism and Christianity?
Both encourage Ascesis with respect to the passions and inferior emotions
Who developed Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)?
Aaron T. Beck
What is the original philosophical inspiration for modern cognitive psychotherapy?
Stoic philosophy
What is the significance of the publication of Problems in Stoicism by A. A. Long?
It sparked the modern Stoicist movement
What is the sense of the English adjective 'stoical' with regard to its philosophical origins?
It is somewhat misleading
What is the common element in the socialization phase of many approaches to CBT?
Quoting a well-known phrase from Enchiridion of Epictetus
Who founded the 'rational persuasion' school of psychotherapy that drew heavily on Stoicism in his clinical work?
Paul DuBois
What is the active process of constant practice and self-reminder that philosophy is for a Stoic, according to Pierre Hadot?
A way of life involving constant practice and training
What has been suggested as having similarities with modern Stoicism and Third Wave CBT?
Individual reports of its potency in treating depression
What did Seamus Mac Suibhne describe as influencing reflective practice?
Stoic spiritual exercises
What did the Stoics believe about knowledge?
Knowledge can be attained through reason
According to the Stoics, what categories do things in the world fall into?
Four categories
What is the Stoic view on what is 'up to us'?
Some things are up to us while others are not
What is the Stoic view on the senses?
The senses can be used in combination with reason to attain knowledge
What is the Stoic view on truth and fallacy?
Truth can only be distinguished from fallacy through reason
What is Classical Pantheism according to the text?
A philosophy that emphasizes individual will and a deterministic universe
Who is considered the philosopher who first developed propositional logic?
Diodorus Cronus
What is Stoic logic according to the text?
A deductive system that was considered a rival to Aristotle's Syllogistic
What did the Stoics believe about all beings and things?
All beings are material, but not all things are
Study Notes
Stoicism Overview
- Stoicism is a school of thought that focuses on living in harmony with reason and nature
- The goal of Stoicism is to achieve eudaimonia, or a state of happiness and fulfillment
Eudaimonia and the Path to Achieving It
- Eudaimonia is achieved through living in accordance with reason and virtue
- The path to eudaimonia involves understanding and accepting the things that are within one's power to control, and accepting the things that are not
Stoic Views on External Things
- Stoics believe that external things like health, wealth, and pleasure are indifferent, and that one's focus should be on reason and virtue
Key Stoic Concepts
- Prohairesis refers to the power of choice and decision-making
- The Stoic ethic accepts determinism, but also believes in personal responsibility
Famous Stoics and the History of Stoicism
- Famous adherents of Stoicism include Zeno, Musonius Rufus, Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius
- The original name of Stoicism was the Zenonian sect
- The Stoa Poikile was a public building in Athens where Zeno taught
- Stoicism declined due to the rise of Christianity
Stoic Ethics and Determinism
- Stoicism accepts determinism, but also emphasizes personal responsibility
- The primary aspect of Stoicism is the pursuit of virtue and reason
Stoic Philosophy and Knowledge
- The main focus of human knowledge is to understand the natural order of the universe
- The foundation of Stoic ethics is the understanding that individuals should focus on things within their power to control
- According to Stoicism, all beings and things are part of a single, unified universe
Stoic Views on Emotions and Passions
- Passions are negative emotions that interfere with reason and virtue
- The ideal Stoic views passions as things to be avoided and overcome
- The four passions arranged by the Stoics are appetite, fear, pain, and pleasure
Stoic Views on Relationships and Sexuality
- Zeno viewed marriage as a means of living in accordance with nature
- Musonius Rufus viewed sex as a means of strengthening relationships and having children
- Epictetus believed that one should approach sexual relationships with reason and self-control
Stoicism and Its Legacy
- Stoic theology views the universe as a single, rational, and orderly system
- Stoicism has influenced modern cognitive psychotherapy, particularly Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)
- The publication of Problems in Stoicism by A.A. Long helped to revive interest in Stoicism
- The adjective 'stoical' originates from the philosophical school of Stoicism
"Discover the Revolutionary Ideas of Zeno: A Quiz on Love, Marriage, and Same-Sex Relationships" - Test your knowledge on the philosophical views of Zeno and his unconventional beliefs on love, marriage, and sexuality. Learn about his concept of a republic ruled by love, the abolition of marriage, and the practice of eroticism for educative purposes. Explore his positive stance on same-sex relationships and how it challenged traditional norms. Take the quiz and explore the revolutionary ideas of this ancient philosopher.
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