Stoicism

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Questions and Answers

What is Stoicism?

A type of cuisine

A school of philosophy (correct)

A form of government

A type of religion

What is eudaimonia according to Stoicism?

Happiness (correct)

A type of clothing

A type of music

A type of food

What is the path to eudaimonia according to Stoicism?

A life spent accumulating wealth and material possessions

A life spent practicing virtue and living in accordance with nature (correct)

A life spent indulging in pleasure

A life spent in isolation from others

What do the Stoics believe about external things like health, wealth, and pleasure?

They are good or bad in themselves Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'prohairesis' in Stoicism?

Maintaining a will in accordance with nature Signup and view all the answers

Who was a famous adherent of Stoicism?

Marcus Aurelius Signup and view all the answers

What led to the decline of Stoicism?

The rise of Christianity Signup and view all the answers

What was the original name of Stoicism?

Zenonism Signup and view all the answers

What was the Stoa Poikile?

A public space where Stoicism was taught Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of human knowledge according to Stoicism?

Naturalistic ethics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aspect of Stoicism?

Improving individual's ethical and moral well-being Signup and view all the answers

What is the Stoic ethic's perspective on determinism?

It espouses a deterministic perspective Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of Stoicism includes Musonius Rufus, Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius?

Late Stoa Signup and view all the answers

What did Cleanthes once say about the wicked man?

He is like a dog tied to a cart and compelled to go wherever it goes Signup and view all the answers

What is the Stoic understanding of the logos?

The logos is the active reason or anima mundi pervading and animating the entire Universe. Signup and view all the answers

What is the foundation of Stoic ethics?

Good lies in the state of the soul itself; in wisdom and self-control. Signup and view all the answers

What is a passion according to the Stoics?

A disturbing and misleading force in the mind which occurs because of a failure to reason correctly. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal Stoic's view on the passions?

Passions are evaluative judgements and should be corrected through reasoning. Signup and view all the answers

What is the passive substance according to Stoic physics?

Matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the foundation of both humanity and the universe according to Stoicism?

Right Reason Signup and view all the answers

What is Stoic theology?

A fatalistic and naturalistic pantheism Signup and view all the answers

What is the Stoic view on the start and end of time and the Universe?

They have no start or end, rather they are cyclical Signup and view all the answers

What are the souls of humans and animals according to Stoicism?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What was Zeno's view on marriage?

He believed it was a natural occurrence Signup and view all the answers

How did Zeno view same sex relationships?

He regarded them positively Signup and view all the answers

According to Epictetus, how should one approach sexual relationships?

They should be limited in order to retain self-control Signup and view all the answers

What was Musonius' view on sex?

It should only be for procreation Signup and view all the answers

How did early Christian writers view Stoicism?

As a pagan philosophy Signup and view all the answers

What are the four passions arranged by the Stoics?

Distress, pleasure, fear, and lust Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the wise person's emotional impulses and the passions?

The wise person experiences good feelings, while the passions are excessive Signup and view all the answers

Under what headings did the Stoics list the good-feelings?

Joy, wish, and caution Signup and view all the answers

When is suicide permissible for the wise person according to the Stoics?

Suicide is permissible for the wise person in circumstances that might prevent them from living a virtuous life Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between early Stoics and late Stoics in their views of love and sexuality?

Early Stoics were more accepting of romantic love and sexual relationships than late Stoics Signup and view all the answers

What is a similarity between Stoicism and Christianity?

Both encourage Ascesis with respect to the passions and inferior emotions Signup and view all the answers

Who developed Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)?

Aaron T. Beck Signup and view all the answers

What is the original philosophical inspiration for modern cognitive psychotherapy?

Stoic philosophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the publication of Problems in Stoicism by A. A. Long?

It sparked the modern Stoicist movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the sense of the English adjective 'stoical' with regard to its philosophical origins?

It is somewhat misleading Signup and view all the answers

What is the common element in the socialization phase of many approaches to CBT?

Quoting a well-known phrase from Enchiridion of Epictetus Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the 'rational persuasion' school of psychotherapy that drew heavily on Stoicism in his clinical work?

Paul DuBois Signup and view all the answers

What is the active process of constant practice and self-reminder that philosophy is for a Stoic, according to Pierre Hadot?

A way of life involving constant practice and training Signup and view all the answers

What has been suggested as having similarities with modern Stoicism and Third Wave CBT?

Individual reports of its potency in treating depression Signup and view all the answers

What did Seamus Mac Suibhne describe as influencing reflective practice?

Stoic spiritual exercises Signup and view all the answers

What did the Stoics believe about knowledge?

Knowledge can be attained through reason Signup and view all the answers

According to the Stoics, what categories do things in the world fall into?

Four categories Signup and view all the answers

What is the Stoic view on what is 'up to us'?

Some things are up to us while others are not Signup and view all the answers

What is the Stoic view on the senses?

The senses can be used in combination with reason to attain knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What is the Stoic view on truth and fallacy?

Truth can only be distinguished from fallacy through reason Signup and view all the answers

What is Classical Pantheism according to the text?

A philosophy that emphasizes individual will and a deterministic universe Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the philosopher who first developed propositional logic?

Diodorus Cronus Signup and view all the answers

What is Stoic logic according to the text?

A deductive system that was considered a rival to Aristotle's Syllogistic Signup and view all the answers

What did the Stoics believe about all beings and things?

All beings are material, but not all things are Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stoicism Overview

Stoicism is a school of thought that focuses on living in harmony with reason and nature
The goal of Stoicism is to achieve eudaimonia, or a state of happiness and fulfillment

Eudaimonia and the Path to Achieving It

Eudaimonia is achieved through living in accordance with reason and virtue
The path to eudaimonia involves understanding and accepting the things that are within one's power to control, and accepting the things that are not

Stoic Views on External Things

Stoics believe that external things like health, wealth, and pleasure are indifferent, and that one's focus should be on reason and virtue

Key Stoic Concepts

Prohairesis refers to the power of choice and decision-making
The Stoic ethic accepts determinism, but also believes in personal responsibility

Famous Stoics and the History of Stoicism

Famous adherents of Stoicism include Zeno, Musonius Rufus, Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius
The original name of Stoicism was the Zenonian sect
The Stoa Poikile was a public building in Athens where Zeno taught
Stoicism declined due to the rise of Christianity

Stoic Ethics and Determinism

Stoicism accepts determinism, but also emphasizes personal responsibility
The primary aspect of Stoicism is the pursuit of virtue and reason

Stoic Philosophy and Knowledge

The main focus of human knowledge is to understand the natural order of the universe
The foundation of Stoic ethics is the understanding that individuals should focus on things within their power to control
According to Stoicism, all beings and things are part of a single, unified universe

Stoic Views on Emotions and Passions

Passions are negative emotions that interfere with reason and virtue
The ideal Stoic views passions as things to be avoided and overcome
The four passions arranged by the Stoics are appetite, fear, pain, and pleasure

Stoic Views on Relationships and Sexuality

Zeno viewed marriage as a means of living in accordance with nature
Musonius Rufus viewed sex as a means of strengthening relationships and having children
Epictetus believed that one should approach sexual relationships with reason and self-control

Stoicism and Its Legacy

Stoic theology views the universe as a single, rational, and orderly system
Stoicism has influenced modern cognitive psychotherapy, particularly Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)
The publication of Problems in Stoicism by A.A. Long helped to revive interest in Stoicism
The adjective 'stoical' originates from the philosophical school of Stoicism

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