Stoicism
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Questions and Answers

What is Stoicism?

  • A type of cuisine
  • A school of philosophy (correct)
  • A form of government
  • A type of religion

    • What is eudaimonia according to Stoicism?

  • Happiness (correct)
  • A type of clothing
  • A type of music
  • A type of food

    • What is the path to eudaimonia according to Stoicism?

  • A life spent accumulating wealth and material possessions
  • A life spent practicing virtue and living in accordance with nature (correct)
  • A life spent indulging in pleasure
  • A life spent in isolation from others

    • What do the Stoics believe about external things like health, wealth, and pleasure?

    <p>They are good or bad in themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'prohairesis' in Stoicism?

    <p>Maintaining a will in accordance with nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was a famous adherent of Stoicism?

    <p>Marcus Aurelius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the decline of Stoicism?

    <p>The rise of Christianity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original name of Stoicism?

    <p>Zenonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Stoa Poikile?

    <p>A public space where Stoicism was taught</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of human knowledge according to Stoicism?

    <p>Naturalistic ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aspect of Stoicism?

    <p>Improving individual's ethical and moral well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Stoic ethic's perspective on determinism?

    <p>It espouses a deterministic perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of Stoicism includes Musonius Rufus, Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius?

    <p>Late Stoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Cleanthes once say about the wicked man?

    <p>He is like a dog tied to a cart and compelled to go wherever it goes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Stoic understanding of the logos?

    <p>The logos is the active reason or anima mundi pervading and animating the entire Universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the foundation of Stoic ethics?

    <p>Good lies in the state of the soul itself; in wisdom and self-control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a passion according to the Stoics?

    <p>A disturbing and misleading force in the mind which occurs because of a failure to reason correctly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal Stoic's view on the passions?

    <p>Passions are evaluative judgements and should be corrected through reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the passive substance according to Stoic physics?

    <p>Matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the foundation of both humanity and the universe according to Stoicism?

    <p>Right Reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Stoic theology?

    <p>A fatalistic and naturalistic pantheism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Stoic view on the start and end of time and the Universe?

    <p>They have no start or end, rather they are cyclical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the souls of humans and animals according to Stoicism?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Zeno's view on marriage?

    <p>He believed it was a natural occurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Zeno view same sex relationships?

    <p>He regarded them positively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Epictetus, how should one approach sexual relationships?

    <p>They should be limited in order to retain self-control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Musonius' view on sex?

    <p>It should only be for procreation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did early Christian writers view Stoicism?

    <p>As a pagan philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four passions arranged by the Stoics?

    <p>Distress, pleasure, fear, and lust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the wise person's emotional impulses and the passions?

    <p>The wise person experiences good feelings, while the passions are excessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what headings did the Stoics list the good-feelings?

    <p>Joy, wish, and caution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is suicide permissible for the wise person according to the Stoics?

    <p>Suicide is permissible for the wise person in circumstances that might prevent them from living a virtuous life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between early Stoics and late Stoics in their views of love and sexuality?

    <p>Early Stoics were more accepting of romantic love and sexual relationships than late Stoics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a similarity between Stoicism and Christianity?

    <p>Both encourage Ascesis with respect to the passions and inferior emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)?

    <p>Aaron T. Beck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the original philosophical inspiration for modern cognitive psychotherapy?

    <p>Stoic philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the publication of Problems in Stoicism by A. A. Long?

    <p>It sparked the modern Stoicist movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sense of the English adjective 'stoical' with regard to its philosophical origins?

    <p>It is somewhat misleading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common element in the socialization phase of many approaches to CBT?

    <p>Quoting a well-known phrase from Enchiridion of Epictetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded the 'rational persuasion' school of psychotherapy that drew heavily on Stoicism in his clinical work?

    <p>Paul DuBois</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active process of constant practice and self-reminder that philosophy is for a Stoic, according to Pierre Hadot?

    <p>A way of life involving constant practice and training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been suggested as having similarities with modern Stoicism and Third Wave CBT?

    <p>Individual reports of its potency in treating depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Seamus Mac Suibhne describe as influencing reflective practice?

    <p>Stoic spiritual exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Stoics believe about knowledge?

    <p>Knowledge can be attained through reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Stoics, what categories do things in the world fall into?

    <p>Four categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Stoic view on what is 'up to us'?

    <p>Some things are up to us while others are not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Stoic view on the senses?

    <p>The senses can be used in combination with reason to attain knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Stoic view on truth and fallacy?

    <p>Truth can only be distinguished from fallacy through reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Classical Pantheism according to the text?

    <p>A philosophy that emphasizes individual will and a deterministic universe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the philosopher who first developed propositional logic?

    <p>Diodorus Cronus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Stoic logic according to the text?

    <p>A deductive system that was considered a rival to Aristotle's Syllogistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Stoics believe about all beings and things?

    <p>All beings are material, but not all things are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stoicism Overview

    • Stoicism is a school of thought that focuses on living in harmony with reason and nature
    • The goal of Stoicism is to achieve eudaimonia, or a state of happiness and fulfillment

    Eudaimonia and the Path to Achieving It

    • Eudaimonia is achieved through living in accordance with reason and virtue
    • The path to eudaimonia involves understanding and accepting the things that are within one's power to control, and accepting the things that are not

    Stoic Views on External Things

    • Stoics believe that external things like health, wealth, and pleasure are indifferent, and that one's focus should be on reason and virtue

    Key Stoic Concepts

    • Prohairesis refers to the power of choice and decision-making
    • The Stoic ethic accepts determinism, but also believes in personal responsibility

    Famous Stoics and the History of Stoicism

    • Famous adherents of Stoicism include Zeno, Musonius Rufus, Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius
    • The original name of Stoicism was the Zenonian sect
    • The Stoa Poikile was a public building in Athens where Zeno taught
    • Stoicism declined due to the rise of Christianity

    Stoic Ethics and Determinism

    • Stoicism accepts determinism, but also emphasizes personal responsibility
    • The primary aspect of Stoicism is the pursuit of virtue and reason

    Stoic Philosophy and Knowledge

    • The main focus of human knowledge is to understand the natural order of the universe
    • The foundation of Stoic ethics is the understanding that individuals should focus on things within their power to control
    • According to Stoicism, all beings and things are part of a single, unified universe

    Stoic Views on Emotions and Passions

    • Passions are negative emotions that interfere with reason and virtue
    • The ideal Stoic views passions as things to be avoided and overcome
    • The four passions arranged by the Stoics are appetite, fear, pain, and pleasure

    Stoic Views on Relationships and Sexuality

    • Zeno viewed marriage as a means of living in accordance with nature
    • Musonius Rufus viewed sex as a means of strengthening relationships and having children
    • Epictetus believed that one should approach sexual relationships with reason and self-control

    Stoicism and Its Legacy

    • Stoic theology views the universe as a single, rational, and orderly system
    • Stoicism has influenced modern cognitive psychotherapy, particularly Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)
    • The publication of Problems in Stoicism by A.A. Long helped to revive interest in Stoicism
    • The adjective 'stoical' originates from the philosophical school of Stoicism

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    "Discover the Revolutionary Ideas of Zeno: A Quiz on Love, Marriage, and Same-Sex Relationships" - Test your knowledge on the philosophical views of Zeno and his unconventional beliefs on love, marriage, and sexuality. Learn about his concept of a republic ruled by love, the abolition of marriage, and the practice of eroticism for educative purposes. Explore his positive stance on same-sex relationships and how it challenged traditional norms. Take the quiz and explore the revolutionary ideas of this ancient philosopher.

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