Stoicism vs Christianity
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Stoicism vs Christianity

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According to Stoicism, what is the path to achieving eudaimonia (happiness)?

  • Living an ethical life and practicing virtue (correct)
  • Living a life of pleasure
  • Being emotionally resilient to misfortune
  • Achieving great wealth

    • What did the Stoics believe about external things such as health, wealth, and pleasure?

  • They are bad and should be avoided at all costs
  • They are essential for achieving eudaimonia
  • They are not good or bad in themselves but have value as material for virtue to act upon (correct)
  • They are the only things that matter in life

    • What did the Stoics believe about destructive emotions?

  • They result from errors of judgment (correct)
  • They are natural and should be embraced
  • They are caused by external factors
  • They are a sign of weakness

    • What is the main focus of human knowledge according to Stoicism?

    <p>Ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was one famous adherent of Stoicism?

    <p>Marcus Aurelius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the colonnade where Zeno of Citium and his followers gathered to discuss their ideas?

    <p>The Painted Porch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aspect of Stoicism?

    <p>Developing self-control and fortitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded the 'rational persuasion' school of psychotherapy heavily influenced by Stoicism?

    <p>Paul DuBois</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modern therapy has been suggested to have similarities with Stoicism?

    <p>Third Wave CBT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is philosophy for a Stoic according to Pierre Hadot?

    <p>A way of life involving constant practice and training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Stoic epistemology, how can knowledge be attained?

    <p>Through the use of reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two classes of substance in the Stoic Universe?

    <p>Active and passive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Stoic view on Fate?

    <p>Everything is subject to the laws of Fate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Stoic theology view God?

    <p>As never fully transcendent but always immanent and identified with Nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Stoic ethics, what is the key to interpersonal relationships?

    <p>Being free from anger, envy, and jealousy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed a system of logic known as Stoic logic?

    <p>Diodorus Cronus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Stoics believe about all beings and things?

    <p>All beings are material, but not all things are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Stoic perspective on an individual's will and the universe?

    <p>An individual will is completely autonomous, but the universe is a rigidly deterministic single whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Stoic view on the beginning and end of the Universe?

    <p>The Universe is eternal and self-creating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Stoic view on the passions?

    <p>Passions are a result of incorrect judgement and should be avoided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Stoic view on the divine logos?

    <p>The divine logos is the law of generation in the Universe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Stoic view on the ideal state of the soul?

    <p>The soul should be free of passions and strive for wisdom and self-control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Stoics, what are the three categories of good-feelings (eupatheia)?

    <p>Joy, wish, and caution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Zeno's view on marriage and sexuality?

    <p>Marriage should be abolished and eroticism should be practiced with both boys and girls for educative purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Epictetus' view on same-sex relationships?

    <p>He regarded same-sex relationships positively and equivalent to heterosexual relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Musonius' view on sex and marriage?

    <p>Sex should only be for procreation and marriage should be between a man and a woman for companionship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a shared concept between Stoicism and Christianity?

    <p>The belief in human kinship with Nature or God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a Stoic concept that influenced early Christian writers?

    <p>Logos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is regarded as the father to early versions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Aaron T. Beck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the well-known quotation from Enchiridion of Epictetus that was taught to most clients during the initial session of traditional REBT by Ellis and his followers?

    <p>'It's not the events that upset us, but our judgments about the events.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vad var stoicismens grundare och varifrån kom han?

    <p>Zenon från Kition, antikens Grekland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vad var syftet med stoikernas filosofi?

    <p>Att förändra människors sätt att leva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vad var stoikernas högsta mål?

    <p>Arete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vem var den filosof som ledde stoikernas skola efter Zenons död?

    <p>Kleanthes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vad kallades den andra vågen av stoicism?

    <p>Platonsk stoicism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vilka var de mest framträdande filosoferna under den andra vågen av stoicism?

    <p>Panaitios och Poseidonios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vem var kejsaren som tillhörde den tredje vågen av stoicism?

    <p>Marcus Aurelius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vad ansåg stoikerna vara det enda som ger verklig eudaimonia (ett övergripande och bestående själsligt välmående)?

    <p>Dygd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vad ansåg stoikerna vara av omätbart högre värde än den primitiva överlevnaden?

    <p>Rationalitet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vad ansåg stoikerna om människans fria vilja?

    <p>Den är absolut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vad ansåg stoikerna om kosmos ordning?

    <p>Den är av högre värde än den enskilda individen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vad menade stoikerna med sin liknelse om filosofin som en människa?

    <p>Att filosofin är en helhet där logiken utgör benen och senorna, etiken de köttiga delarna och fysiken själen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vad menade Epiktetos och Seneca med att en människas levnadssätt är ett bättre mått på hennes livsfilosofi?

    <p>Att en persons handlingar är viktigare än hennes filosofiska argument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vad var stoikernas syn på verkligheten?

    <p>Verkligheten är både materialistisk och monistisk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vad menade stoikerna med att själen, visdomen och dygden har 'kroppar'?

    <p>Att själen, visdomen och dygden är materiella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stoicism: Core Principles and Concepts

    • The path to achieving eudaimonia (happiness) in Stoicism involves living in accordance with reason and virtue, and accepting things outside of one's control.

    Stoicism and External Things

    • The Stoics believed that external things such as health, wealth, and pleasure are indifferent, meaning they are neither good nor bad in themselves, and that wisdom lies in recognizing this indifference.

    Stoicism and Emotions

    • The Stoics believed that destructive emotions, such as anxiety and desire, arise from errors in judgment and that the key to overcoming them is to understand the true nature of things.

    Human Knowledge in Stoicism

    • The main focus of human knowledge according to Stoicism is the pursuit of wisdom and self-control, recognizing the limits of human knowledge and understanding.

    Famous Stoic Adherents

    • A famous adherent of Stoicism is Epaphroditos, a slave who served as a secretary to the Roman Emperor.

    The Stoic School

    • The Stoic school, founded by Zeno of Citium, was originally established at the Stoa Poikile, a public building in Athens where Zeno and his followers gathered to discuss their ideas.

    Primary Aspect of Stoicism

    • The primary aspect of Stoicism is the pursuit of virtue and self-control, achieved through reason, wisdom, and indifference to external events.

    Rational Persuasion School of Psychotherapy

    • Albert Ellis, the founder of REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy), was heavily influenced by Stoicism, and his school of psychotherapy is known as the 'rational persuasion' school.

    Similarities with Modern Therapies

    • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been suggested to have similarities with Stoicism, as both focus on recognizing and challenging negative thought patterns.

    Philosophy and Wisdom in Stoicism

    • According to Pierre Hadot, philosophy for a Stoic is a way of life, a form of spiritual exercise aimed at transforming the individual.

    Stoic Epistemology

    • According to Stoic epistemology, knowledge can be attained through the use of reason and the recognition of the limits of human knowledge.

    Stoic Universe

    • The two classes of substance in the Stoic Universe are matter and divine reason (logos), which permeate all things.

    Stoic View on Fate

    • The Stoic view on Fate is that it is predetermined, but human beings have the power to respond to events in a virtuous and rational manner.

    Stoic Theology

    • In Stoic theology, God is the divine reason (logos) that pervades the universe, guiding it towards rational and natural ends.

    Interpersonal Relationships in Stoicism

    • The key to interpersonal relationships in Stoicism is to recognize the common humanity and rationality shared by all, and to treat others with kindness, justice, and fairness.

    Stoic Logic

    • Chrysippus developed a system of logic known as Stoic logic, which focused on the use of logic and reason to understand the world.

    Stoic View on Beings and Things

    • The Stoics believed that all beings and things are part of the universal whole, interconnected and interdependent.

    Stoic Perspective on Will and the Universe

    • The Stoic perspective on an individual's will and the universe is that the individual will is part of the larger universal will, and that one should strive to align their own will with the natural order.

    Stoic View on the Beginning and End of the Universe

    • The Stoic view on the beginning and end of the Universe is that it undergoes cycles of creation and destruction, with periods of expansion and contraction.

    Stoic View on Passions

    • The Stoic view on the passions is that they are excessive and unhealthy emotions that arise from errors in judgment, and that the goal is to eliminate them and achieve a state of apathy (freedom from passion).

    Stoic View on the Divine Logos

    • The Stoic view on the divine logos is that it is the underlying rational principle that governs the universe, guiding it towards reason and order.

    Stoic View on the Ideal State of the Soul

    • The Stoic view on the ideal state of the soul is that it is a state of wisdom, virtue, and inner strength, characterized by freedom from passion and disturbance.

    Good-Feelings (Eupatheia) in Stoicism

    • The three categories of good-feelings (eupatheia) in Stoicism are joy, wish, and caution, which are considered healthy and rational emotions.

    Zeno's View on Marriage and Sexuality

    • Zeno's view on marriage and sexuality was that they should be based on reason and virtue, rather than passion and desire.

    Epictetus' View on Same-Sex Relationships

    • Epictetus' view on same-sex relationships was that they are a matter of personal preference, and that one should not be judged or condemned for their desires.

    Musonius' View on Sex and Marriage

    • Musonius' view on sex and marriage was that they should be based on mutual respect, virtue, and love, rather than passion and desire.

    Stoicism and Christianity

    • A shared concept between Stoicism and Christianity is the idea of living a virtuous life, and the importance of self-control and morality.

    Stoicism's Influence on Early Christian Writers

    • The concept of apatheia (freedom from passion) in Stoicism influenced early Christian writers, who incorporated similar ideas into their own theology.

    Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Stoicism

    • Albert Ellis, the founder of REBT, was influenced by Stoicism, and his school of psychotherapy is known as the 'rational persuasion' school.

    Quotation from Enchiridion of Epictetus

    • A well-known quotation from Enchiridion of Epictetus is "It's not what happens to you, but how you react to it that matters."

    Zeno of Citium and Stoicism

    • Zeno of Citium, the founder of Stoicism, was a Phoenician philosopher who lived in Athens and taught the importance of virtue, self-control, and reason.

    Purpose of Stoic Philosophy

    • The purpose of Stoic philosophy is to live a virtuous life, in accordance with reason and nature, and to achieve happiness and inner strength.

    Highest Goal of Stoicism

    • The highest goal of Stoicism is to attain wisdom, virtue, and self-control, and to live in harmony with the natural order.

    Stoic Philosophy as a Way of Life

    • Stoic philosophy is a way of life, a form of spiritual exercise aimed at transforming the individual and achieving inner strength and wisdom.

    The Second Wave of Stoicism

    • The second wave of Stoicism refers to the period of Stoic philosophy that emerged after Zeno's death, characterized by the development of new ideas and interpretations.

    Prominent Philosophers of the Second Wave

    • Prominent philosophers of the second wave of Stoicism include Chrysippus, Antipater, and Posidonius.

    The Third Wave of Stoicism

    • The third wave of Stoicism refers to the period of Stoic philosophy that emerged during the Roman Empire, characterized by the rise of prominent Stoic philosophers such as Epictetus and Seneca.

    The Only True Source of Eudaimonia

    • According to Stoicism, the only true source of eudaimonia (happiness) is living a virtuous life, in accordance with reason and nature.

    Higher Value than Primitive Survival

    • According to Stoicism, reason and virtue are of higher value than primitive survival and material wealth.

    Stoic View on Human Free Will

    • The Stoic view on human free will is that it is compatible with determinism, and that human beings have the power to make choices and decisions that reflect their character and values.

    Stoic View on the Cosmos

    • The Stoic view on the cosmos is that it is a rational and orderly system, governed by natural laws and principles.

    Stoic View on the Soul

    • The Stoic view on the soul is that it is a rational and immortal entity, capable of understanding and participating in the natural order.

    The Stoic Analogy of Philosophy as a Human Being

    • The Stoic analogy of philosophy as a human being is that just as the human body has different parts that work together to maintain health and well-being, so too does philosophy have different parts that work together to achieve wisdom and virtue.

    Epictetus' and Seneca's View on a Person's Way of Life

    • Epictetus and Seneca believed that a person's way of life is a better measure of their philosophy than their words or actions.

    Stoic View on Reality

    • The Stoic view on reality is that it is a rational and orderly system, governed by natural laws and principles.

    Stoic Concept of 'Bodies' for Soul, Wisdom, and Virtue

    • The Stoic concept of 'bodies' for soul, wisdom, and virtue refers to the idea that these abstract concepts have a kind of bodily existence, and that they can be cultivated and developed through practice and effort.

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    Test your knowledge on the similarities and differences between Stoicism and Christianity in this quiz. Explore how early Christian writers incorporated Stoic philosophical concepts and how the two ideologies differ in their beliefs about inner freedom.

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