Respiratory Tract Infections Overview
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Drowsiness and sedation are common adverse effects of antihistamines.

True

Which of the following is NOT a use of antihistamines?

  • Urticaria
  • Allergic rhinitis
  • Prevention of motion sickness
  • Nausea relief (correct)

    • Name an example of an expectorant.

    Guaifenesin

    Mucolytics improve mucus clearance by acting on the _____ layer lining the respiratory tract.

    <p>mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following mucolytics with their type:

    <p>N-Acetylcysteine = Classic Mucolytic Dornase alfa = Peptide Mucolytic Ambroxol = Classic Mucolytic Bromhexine = Classic Mucolytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High doses of expectorants may cause which of the following effects?

    <p>Emesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antihistamines are contraindicated during an asthma attack.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of mucolytics?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facilitation of mucus removal is primarily achieved by _____ in the case of expectorants.

    <p>liquefying secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is likely to be found in infected sinus cultures?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of nasal decongestants?

    <p>Fewer side effects than systemic decongestants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systemic decongestants can cause increased blood pressure due to their vasoconstrictive effects.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one first generation antihistamine.

    <p>Brompheneramine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nasal decongestants can lead to __________ congestion with prolonged use.

    <p>rebound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following systemic decongestants with their effects:

    <p>Pseudoephedrine = Longer lasting relief Phenylephrine = Short acting Ephedrine = Alpha and beta effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for using nasal decongestants?

    <p>Glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Second generation antihistamines have a higher sedative potential than first generation antihistamines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common adverse effect is associated with systemic decongestants?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    First generation antihistamines block the effects of histamine at the H-1 __________.

    <p>receptor sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of both first and second generation antihistamines?

    <p>Both block histamine effects at H-1 receptor sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of the common cold?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Seasonal rhinitis is also known as allergic rhinitis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by a collapsed or airless lung?

    <p>Atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and upper bronchial tree.

    <p>upper respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following lower respiratory tract conditions with their definitions:

    <p>Pneumonia = Inflammation of the lungs caused by tissue invasion Bronchitis = Inflammation of the bronchi Asthma = Reversible bronchospasm and hyperactive airways COPD = Chronic obstruction of airways often linked to smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is not a symptom of sinusitis?

    <p>Itchy eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic bronchitis can resolve completely with time and treatment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the inflammation experienced during a common cold?

    <p>Histamine and prostaglandin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Obstructive pulmonary disease includes conditions such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and __________.

    <p>COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of atelectasis?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of emphysema on the lungs?

    <p>Loss of elastic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic bronchitis is characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition frequently affects premature babies due to underdeveloped lungs?

    <p>Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _______ is a hereditary disease resulting in thick secretions in the lungs.

    <p>Cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the medication classes to their functions:

    <p>Antitussives = Suppress cough reflex Decongestants = Reduce nasal congestion Expectorants = Loosen mucus Antibiotics = Fight bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of antitussives?

    <p>Hyperactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Decongestants can lead to vasoconstriction in the nasal mucosa.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of an antitussive drug.

    <p>Dextromethorphan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antihistamines are also known as H1 _______.

    <p>Blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism do decongestants utilize to improve airflow?

    <p>Stimulate alpha receptors for vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

    • Common Cold: Primary cause is viral, accompanied by histamine and prostaglandin release that triggers inflammation.
    • Seasonal Rhinitis (Allergic Rhinitis): Nasal cavity inflammation, characterized by itchy, watery eyes, runny nose, and a non-productive cough.
    • Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses lining leading to severe pain. Can lead to infections if left untreated.
    • Pharyngitis and Laryngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx and larynx, often caused by bacteria or viruses. Frequently associated with influenza.

    Lower Respiratory Tract Conditions

    • Atelectasis: Lung collapse caused by airway blockage, preventing air from entering the alveoli. Symptoms include dyspnea, fever, cough, hypoxia, and altered chest wall movement.
    • Pneumonia: Lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, fatigue, fever, noisy breath sounds, and poor oxygenation.
    • Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchi, resulting in airway narrowing. Can be acute or chronic.
    • Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Includes asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

    Asthma

    • Characterized by reversible bronchospasm, inflammation, and hyperactive airways.
    • Triggers include allergens, dust, fumes, exercise, emotions, and inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes.

    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

    • Chronic airway obstruction often linked to cigarette smoking.
    • Two primary disorders responsible for COPD:
      • Emphysema: Loss of lung elasticity, destruction of alveolar walls, air trapping within overexpanded alveoli, and insufficient gas exchange.
      • Chronic bronchitis: Persistent inflammation of the airways, accompanied by mucus secretion and edema.

    Cystic Fibrosis

    • Hereditary disease leading to thick mucus accumulation in the lungs, obstructing airways and causing lung tissue destruction.
    • Progressive disease.

    Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

    • Common in premature infants with underdeveloped lungs.
    • Symptoms include atelectasis, tachypnea, and tachycardia.

    Medications for Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases

    • Antitussives: Suppress cough reflex. Examples include benzonatate, codeine, dextromethorphan, and hydrocodone. They work by acting directly on the medullary cough center in the brain.
    • Decongestants: Promote vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa. Examples include ephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, tetrahydrozoline, xylometazoline, and pseudoephedrine.
    • Antihistamines (H1 Blockers): Block the effects of histamine at H1 receptor sites. Divided into first generation (e.g., brompheneramine, chlorpheneramine) and second generation (e.g., fexofenadine, loratidine).
    • Expectorants: Liquefy lower respiratory tract secretions, making them easier to cough up. Examples include guaifenesin and ammonium chloride.
    • Mucolytics: Enhance mucus clearance in the respiratory tract. Examples include N-acetylcysteine, dornase alfa, ambroxol, and bromhexine.

    Homework

    • In cases of infected sinuses, common bacterial cultures include:
      • Streptococcus pneumoniae
      • Haemophilus influenza
      • Moraxella catarrhalis

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    URTIs PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential information regarding upper and lower respiratory tract infections. It includes topics such as the common cold, sinusitis, pneumonia, and bronchitis, detailing their causes, symptoms, and effects. Test your knowledge on the various conditions that affect respiratory health!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser