Respiratory Medicine: Dyspnoea, Wheeze, and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

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What is the chromosomal location of the asthma gene responsible for atopy?

Short arm of chromosome 1
Short arm of chromosome 11 (correct)
Short arm of chromosome 7
Long arm of chromosome 5

What is the primary characteristic of orthopnoea?

Chronic airway obstruction
Upper airway noise when inhaling
Difficulty breathing when lying flat (correct)
Coughing up blood

What is a common fungal infection that can be caused by an asthma inhaler?

Oral candidiasis (correct)
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Aspergillosis
Histoplasmosis

What is the pathogen responsible for causing influenza?

Orthomyxovirus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the symptoms of asthma that worsen in the early morning?

Morning dipping (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of stridor?

Upper airway noise when inhaling (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a spacer in an asthma inhaler?

To reduce the risk of oral candidiasis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of sinusitis?

Obstructed antral ostia due to mucosal oedema (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the decreased movement and hyperinflation of the chest seen in asthma patients?

Barrel chest (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred treatment for an asthma attack in a dental setting?

2 puffs salbutamol with a spacer and O2 15l/min (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the third feature of asthma?

Inflammation airway changes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition characterized by coughing up blood?

Haemoptysis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for shortness of breath?

Dyspnoea (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea?

Shortness of breath when awakened at night (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the infection that can cause laryngeal oedema and a hoarse voice?

Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of rhinitis?

Allergic reaction to pollen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of asthma?

A common chronic reversible airway obstruction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of the Orthomyxovirus that causes influenza?

Haemagglutinin and Neuraminidase (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following extrinsic factors is most likely to trigger an asthma attack in a patient with atopic allergy?

House dust mite faeces (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying bronchial hyper-reactivity in asthma patients?

Increased airway resistance due to bronchoconstriction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs is most indicative of an asthma exacerbation?

Decreased movements and hyperinflation (barrel chest) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of lung function tests, such as PEFR tests, in diagnosing asthma?

To detect airway obstruction and hyper-reactivity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is contraindicated in asthma patients?

NSAIDs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why asthma patients are advised to rinse their mouth after using an inhaler?

To reduce the risk of oral thrush (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of wheeze?

Expiratory airway noise (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of rhinitis?

Sneezing and congested nose due to asthma or pollen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of pharyngitis?

Viral/bacterial sore throat (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea?

Shortness of breath when awakened at night (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature of laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis?

Laryngeal oedema resulting in hoarse voice (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of orthopnoea?

Shortness of breath when lying flat (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for increased mucus production in asthma patients?

Inflammation of the airways (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an intrinsic factor of asthma?

Atopy due to the asthma gene (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of bronchial hyper-reactivity on the airways?

Constriction of the bronchial muscles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lung function test, such as a PEFR test, in diagnosing asthma?

To assess the degree of airway obstruction (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are patients with asthma advised to rinse their mouth after using an inhaler?