Respiratory System: Structure and Functions

Study Notes

Overview

The respiratory system is a complex biological system that brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.
It is responsible for exchanging gases between the atmosphere and the body.

Components

Nose and Mouth: air enters the body through the nose or mouth.
Trachea: air passes through the trachea, a tube that divides into two bronchi.
Bronchi: bronchi branch into smaller bronchioles, which lead to the lungs.
Lungs: the lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system, responsible for gas exchange.
Diaphragm: a dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and helps expand the lungs.
Intercostal Muscles: muscles between the ribs that help expand the chest cavity.

Process of Breathing

Inhalation: air enters the nose or mouth and passes through the trachea and bronchi into the lungs.
Gas Exchange: oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide diffuses out of the bloodstream into the lungs.
Exhalation: the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, and the lungs deflate, pushing carbon dioxide out of the body.

Functions

Oxygenation: brings oxygen into the body.
Removal of Carbon Dioxide: removes carbon dioxide from the body.
Regulation of pH: helps maintain the body's acid-base balance by removing excess hydrogen ions.

Additional Facts

Respiratory Rate: the number of breaths taken per minute, which varies depending on age, activity level, and other factors.
Tidal Volume: the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath.
Lung Capacity: the total volume of air that the lungs can hold.

Description

Learn about the components of the respiratory system, the process of breathing, and its functions in oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide. Understand the mechanics of inhalation and exhalation, and additional facts about respiratory rate and lung capacity.