Respiratory System Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the volume of air remaining in the respiratory passage and lungs after the most forceful expiration?

  • Expiratory reserve volume
  • Tidal volume
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • Residual volume (correct)

    • What is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume?

  • Functional residual capacity
  • Vital capacity (correct)
  • Total lung capacity
  • Inspiratory capacity

    • What is the ratio of the volume of breath exhaled with effort in 1 second to the full amount of air that can be exhaled with effort in a complete breath?

  • FVC^2/FEV1
  • FEV1/FVC^2
  • FVC/FEV1
  • FEV1/FVC (correct)

    • What is the distinguishing feature of obstructive conditions such as asthma and COPD?

    <p>FEV1/FVC &lt; 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume?

    <p>Functional residual capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of air inspired or expired during a normal inspiration or expiration?

    <p>Tidal volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does external respiration take place?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force exerted by gas molecules on surfaces they come into contact with?

    <p>Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume?

    <p>Total lung capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of air forcefully expired after expiration of normal tidal volume?

    <p>Expiratory reserve volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood?

    <p>100 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of gas exchange in the body?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of air inspired forcefully after inspiration of normal tidal volume?

    <p>Inspiratory reserve volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which O2 is released and CO2 is picked up in the tissues?

    <p>Internal respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating FEV1/FVC?

    <p>To identify the type of lung condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the FEV1/FVC ratio indicative of in restrictive conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis?

    <p>Ability to inhale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume?

    <p>Inspiratory capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory membrane?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the partial pressure of CO2 in venous blood?

    <p>46 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which O2 is picked up and CO2 is released in the lungs?

    <p>Alveolar gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a vital sign related to the respiratory system?

    <p>Pulse rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which an organism uses oxygen to produce energy and release carbon dioxide as a waste product?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of the respiratory system?

    <p>Blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the use of oxygen by an organism to produce energy?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the airways in the respiratory system?

    <p>To warm, humidify, and filter the air we breathe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of air into and out of the lungs?

    <p>Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical correlation/pathology that can affect respiratory function?

    <p>Finger clubbing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream?

    <p>Gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body?

    <p>Transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of increasing tidal volume during exercise?

    <p>Increases depth of breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for ventilated alveoli that are not adequately perfused with blood?

    <p>Alveolar dead space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in erythrocyte DPG on haemoglobin oxygen affinity?

    <p>Decreases oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of hyperventilation on blood pH?

    <p>Respiratory alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ageing on vital capacity and respiratory rate?

    <p>Decreases vital capacity and respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of air moved in and out of the respiratory system per minute?

    <p>Minute ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a decrease in pH on haemoglobin oxygen affinity?

    <p>Decreases oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of haemoglobin to take up and retain oxygen?

    <p>Oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of carboxyhaemoglobin on oxygen transport?

    <p>Decreases oxygen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of depressants on respiratory drive?

    <p>Decreases respiratory drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of air into and out of the lungs?

    <p>Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream?

    <p>Gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body?

    <p>Respiratory transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the airways in the respiratory system?

    <p>To warm and humidify the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the use of oxygen by an organism to produce energy?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which oxygen is released and carbon dioxide is picked up in the tissues?

    <p>Internal respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory membrane?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe?

    <p>Respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of haemoglobin to take up and retain oxygen?

    <p>Oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of increasing tidal volume during exercise, especially in conditions with significant dead space?

    <p>To increase the depth of breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of air that remains in the lungs and respiratory passageways after a normal expiration?

    <p>Functional residual capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in erythrocyte DPG on haemoglobin oxygen affinity?

    <p>It decreases haemoglobin oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of hyperventilation on blood pH?

    <p>It increases blood pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ageing on vital capacity and respiratory rate?

    <p>It decreases vital capacity and respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the combination of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume?

    <p>Vital capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a decrease in pH on haemoglobin oxygen affinity?

    <p>It decreases haemoglobin oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following volumes is NOT a component of total lung capacity?

    <p>Functional residual capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of haemoglobin to take up and retain oxygen?

    <p>Oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the FEV1/FVC ratio?

    <p>To identify the type of lung condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of carboxyhaemoglobin on oxygen transport?

    <p>It decreases oxygen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of depressants on respiratory drive?

    <p>They decrease respiratory drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled in one second?

    <p>Forced expiratory volume in 1 second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the combination of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume?

    <p>Functional residual capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for ventilated alveoli that are not adequately perfused with blood?

    <p>Alveolar dead space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases?

    <p>FEV1/FVC ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum expiration?

    <p>Residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring pulmonary volumes and capacities?

    <p>To assess respiratory health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the combination of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume?

    <p>Vital capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the FEV1/FVC ratio in lung disease diagnosis?

    <p>It distinguishes between obstructive and restrictive diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the respiratory membrane during external respiration?

    <p>O2 is picked up and CO2 is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alveolar gas exchange process?

    <p>To pick up O2 from the inhaled air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the partial pressure of O2 in venous blood?

    <p>40 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a decrease in pH on haemoglobin oxygen affinity?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of air moved in and out of the respiratory system per minute?

    <p>Minute ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of increasing tidal volume during exercise?

    <p>Increases oxygenation of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for ventilated alveoli that are not adequately perfused with blood?

    <p>Alveolar dead space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of hyperventilation on blood pH?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in erythrocyte DPG on haemoglobin oxygen affinity?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

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