Respiratory System Quiz

<p>Hypoventilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low oxygen levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathing rate increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>35-45 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid and deep breathing leading to excessive CO2 loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relaxes and moves upwards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It binds oxygen and transports it to tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect changes in blood gas levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is removed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lowers blood pH. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective gas exchange in the lungs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate gas exchange. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By detecting changes in blood pH and gas levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased carbon dioxide levels leading to hypercapnia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in lung elasticity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support lung health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improving oxygen flow and lung capacity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid and shallow breaths (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood gas tests (like pO2 and pCO2) assess lung gas exchange. Normal pO2 (75-100 mmHg) shows healthy oxygen levels, and normal pCO2 (35-45 mmHg) indicates normal carbon dioxide levels. Abnormal values suggest breathing or metabolic problems.

The body maintains blood pH (7.35-7.45) using the bicarbonate buffer system. Increased CO2 leads to lower pH (more acidic), and breathing helps remove CO2. Kidneys adjust bicarbonate levels too.

Located in the medulla, these receptors sense changes in carbon dioxide levels by monitoring cerebrospinal fluid pH. Increased CO2 triggers a faster breathing rate.

Found in carotid and aortic bodies, these receptors mainly detect blood oxygen levels. Low oxygen prompts the brain to increase breathing.

Rapid, deep breathing leading to excessive CO2 expulsion, possibly causing respiratory alkalosis (high blood pH).

Slow, shallow breathing, resulting in insufficient CO2 removal, potentially leading to respiratory acidosis (low blood pH).

Quiet, regular breathing at 12-20 breaths per minute in adults, with moderate depth and smooth rhythm.

Oxygen moves from blood (high concentration) to cells (low concentration). Carbon dioxide moves from cells to blood (low concentration) to high concentration.

A metabolic process where cells gain energy (ATP) by using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide from breaking down complex substances.

The first stage of cellular respiration. Enzymes break down glucose into smaller molecules, releasing energy stored in ATP and NADH.

The second stage of cellular respiration. This cycle creates electron carriers that drive ATP production in later stages.

The final stage of cellular respiration. Electrons move through a chain, creating a gradient that produces ATP. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor, forming water.

Diaphragm contracts and moves down. Rib cage expands, decreasing air pressure and drawing air into lungs.

Diaphragm relaxes and moves up. Rib cage contracts, increasing air pressure and expelling air from lungs.

Oxygen enters the blood, and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood in the lungs.

Hemoglobin in red blood cells carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and releases it where needed.

Changes in breathing patterns (speed, depth, effort) from the normal, such as rapid breathing (tachypnea), slow breathing (bradypnea), or shortness of breath (dyspnea).

Low levels of oxygen in the body's tissues, often a result of breathing problems.

High levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, usually caused by poor breathing or lung problems.

The respiratory system is responsible for taking in oxygen needed for energy production and removing waste carbon dioxide. It also helps maintain the body's pH balance.

Aging causes lung elasticity to decrease, breathing muscles to weaken, and the number of alveoli (air sacs) to decline, leading to less efficient breathing.

Lifestyle choices, such as smoking or exposure to pollution, can harm the lungs. Regular exercise can improve lung function. Cultural practices like traditional remedies can influence respiratory health.