Respiratory System II: Morphology and Histology

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Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange?

Respiratory bronchioles (correct)

Bronchi

Trachea

Nasal cavity

How many intrapulmonary secondary bronchi does the right lung receive?

1

2

3 (correct)

4

What is the function of the major cell types found in the respiratory portion?

Gas exchange (correct)

Production of mucus

Air conditioning

Protection against pathogens

Where does the gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?

Alveolar sacs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Air conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system eliminates carbon dioxide produced during cellular metabolism?

Alveolar sacs Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of gas exchange within the lung parenchyma?

Intimate relationship between the alveolar space and the pulmonary capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a pulmonary lobule?

Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveoli Signup and view all the answers

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), what gives rise to emphysema?

Loss of elasticity and breakdown of elastic fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial segment of the respiratory portion, arising immediately from the terminal bronchioles of the conducting portion?

Respiratory bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What cells are largely present in the epithelium of respiratory bronchioles?

Ciliated cuboidal cells and non-ciliated Clara cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural composition of alveolar ducts?

A tube with alveoli completely making up its wall Signup and view all the answers

Where does the gas exchange between air and blood take place within the respiratory system?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells line 90% of the alveolar surface?

"Type I alveolar cells" Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is predominantly located at the angles formed by adjacent alveolar septa?

Type II pneumocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is an ultrastructural feature of type II pneumocytes?

Lamellar bodies containing surfactant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary constituent of surfactant?

Phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

Which cells contain angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) involved in converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

Type II alveolar cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of surfactant in the alveoli?

To prevent collapse of alveoli during inspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of type II pneumocytes in the respiratory system?

To divide and regenerate both type I and type II pneumocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the interalveolar septa in the respiratory system?

To provide most of the structural support to the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Where are dust cells (alveolar macrophages) primarily found in the respiratory system?

In the connective tissue of alveolar septum Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the pulmonary vasculature?

Bronchial arteries distribute oxygenated blood to the level of respiratory bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pleural cavity in the respiratory system?

To reduce friction during lung expansion Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of mesothelioma?

It originates in the mesothelial cell lining of the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of capillary endothelial cells in the respiratory system?

To facilitate diffusion of carbon dioxide from RBCs to the alveolar space Signup and view all the answers

Where are alveolar pores of Kohn located in the respiratory system?

Between neighboring alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of pulmonary venules in the respiratory system?

They are found singly in the lung parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of pulmonary arteries in the respiratory system?

To carry deoxygenated blood to lungs from right side of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is a key role of elastic fibers in the interalveolar septa?

To facilitate contraction and expansion of alveolar walls during inspiration Signup and view all the answers