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Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Lung Function
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Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Lung Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary site of gas exchange in the body?

  • Capillary wall
  • Lungs (correct)
  • Red blood cells
  • Tissues

    • What is the ratio of FEV1/FVC that indicates obstructive conditions?

  • Equal to 70%
  • Greater than 80%
  • Less than 50%
  • Less than 70% (correct)

    • What is the term for the force exerted by gas molecules on surfaces?

  • Ventilation
  • Diffusion
  • Pressure (correct)
  • Partial pressure

    • What is the partial pressure of O2 in venous blood?

    <p>40 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of internal respiration?

    <p>Transfer of O2 from red blood cells to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of external respiration?

    <p>Transfer of O2 from lungs to blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which O2 is transported from lungs to tissues?

    <p>Passive diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hemoglobin in gas exchange?

    <p>To transport O2 from lungs to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of increasing pulmonary ventilation?

    <p>Hyperpnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the partial pressure of O2 in the blood?

    <p>O2 consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, which of the following is a more advantageous adaptation?

    <p>Increasing tidal volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as ventilated alveoli not adequately perfused with blood?

    <p>Alveolar dead space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the relationship between pH and oxygen-carrying capacity of haemoglobin?

    <p>Bohr effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in erythrocyte DPG on haemoglobin oxygen affinity?

    <p>Decreases oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of air moved in and out of the respiratory system per minute?

    <p>Minute ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ageing on gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?

    <p>Decreases gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the removal of CO2 in the lungs exceeding the body's production?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical correlation of hyperventilation?

    <p>Respiratory alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of haemoglobin to take up oxygen and retain oxygen?

    <p>Oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in pH on the oxygen-carrying capacity of haemoglobin?

    <p>Increases oxygen-carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of air inspired or expired during a normal inspiration or expiration?

    <p>Tidal volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amount of air inspired forcefully after inspiration of normal tidal volume?

    <p>Inspiratory reserve volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume?

    <p>Inspiratory capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of air remaining in the respiratory passage and lungs after the most forceful expiration?

    <p>Residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio that reflects the amount of air you can forcefully exhale from your lungs?

    <p>FEV1/FVC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the full amount of air that can be exhaled with effort in a complete breath?

    <p>Forced Vital Capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of breath exhaled with effort in 1 s?

    <p>Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume?

    <p>Functional residual capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the total amount of air in the lungs after the most forceful inspiration?

    <p>Total lung capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the FEV1/FVC ratio help identify?

    <p>The type of lung disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To facilitate oxygen transport and carbon dioxide removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the waste product of respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a vital sign that can be recorded in a dental surgery?

    <p>Blood glucose level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which oxygen is delivered to the body's cells?

    <p>Oxygen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of haemoglobin in the respiratory system?

    <p>To facilitate oxygen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of air in and out of the lungs?

    <p>Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the body?

    <p>Gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the respiratory system in the body?

    <p>To provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the use of oxygen by an organism to produce energy?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the network of organs and tissues involved in breathing?

    <p>Respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the respiratory system in the body?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the waste product of cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a vital sign that can be recorded in a dental surgery?

    <p>Respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of haemoglobin in the respiratory system?

    <p>To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which oxygen is delivered to the body's cells?

    <p>Internal respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of air in and out of the lungs?

    <p>Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the body?

    <p>Gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the use of oxygen by an organism to produce energy?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the network of organs and tissues involved in breathing?

    <p>Respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary direction of O2 diffusion in the lungs?

    <p>From alveoli to bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of external respiration?

    <p>Transfer of O2 from inhaled air to bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a decrease in pH on the oxygen-carrying capacity of haemoglobin?

    <p>Decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of CO2 removal from the bloodstream?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which CO2 is transported from tissues to lungs?

    <p>Internal respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of haemoglobin in gas exchange?

    <p>To facilitate O2 transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical correlation of a low FEV1/FVC ratio?

    <p>Obstructive lung disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting the partial pressure of O2 in the blood?

    <p>O2 consumption by tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of increasing pulmonary ventilation?

    <p>Hyperpnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of internal respiration?

    <p>Transfer of O2 from bloodstream to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a decrease in pH on the oxygen-carrying capacity of haemoglobin?

    <p>Decreases oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of haemoglobin to take up oxygen and retain oxygen?

    <p>Oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in erythrocyte DPG on haemoglobin oxygen affinity?

    <p>Decreases oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the relationship between pH and oxygen-carrying capacity of haemoglobin?

    <p>Bohr effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which CO2 is transported in the blood?

    <p>As bicarbonate ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the removal of CO2 in the lungs exceeding the body's production?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ageing on gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?

    <p>Decreases gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of increasing pulmonary ventilation?

    <p>Hyperpnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of haemoglobin in gas exchange?

    <p>Transport of O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood?

    <p>Diffusing capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume?

    <p>Vital capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of air remaining in the respiratory passage and lungs after the most forceful expiration?

    <p>Residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio that reflects the amount of air you can forcefully exhale from your lungs?

    <p>FEV1/FVC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume?

    <p>Functional residual capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the full amount of air that can be exhaled with effort in a complete breath?

    <p>Forced Vital Capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of air inspired or expired during a normal inspiration or expiration?

    <p>Tidal volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of breath exhaled with effort in 1 second?

    <p>Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the total amount of air in the lungs after the most forceful inspiration?

    <p>Total lung capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the FEV1/FVC ratio help identify?

    <p>The type of lung disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical correlation of a low FEV1/FVC ratio?

    <p>Obstructive lung disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total amount of air in the lungs after the most forceful inspiration?

    <p>Total lung capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume?

    <p>Inspiratory capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a restrictive lung disease?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio that reflects the amount of air you can forcefully exhale from your lungs?

    <p>FEV1/FVC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of air remaining in the respiratory passage and lungs after the most forceful expiration?

    <p>Residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the full amount of air that can be exhaled with effort in a complete breath?

    <p>Forced Vital Capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume?

    <p>Functional residual capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of breath exhaled with effort in 1 second?

    <p>Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical correlation of the FEV1/FVC ratio?

    <p>Obstructive lung disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of the lungs to expand and take in air?

    <p>Compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net effect of a decrease in pH on the oxygen-carrying capacity of haemoglobin?

    <p>Decreased affinity for oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), what is the primary reason for alveolar dead space?

    <p>Ventilated alveoli not adequately perfused with blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which CO2 is transported from the tissues to the lungs?

    <p>As dissolved CO2 in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) on haemoglobin oxygen affinity?

    <p>Decreases oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which oxygen is transported from the lungs to the peripheral tissues?

    <p>Binding to haemoglobin in red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the blood on the respiratory rate?

    <p>It increases the respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the age-related decline in gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?

    <p>Decreased vital capacity and ability to remove mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hyperventilation on the partial pressure of CO2 in the blood?

    <p>Decreases the partial pressure of CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system in relation to carbon dioxide?

    <p>To eliminate carbon dioxide from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an increase in altitude affect the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood?

    <p>It decreases the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of progesterone in respiratory physiology?

    <p>Stimulates respiratory drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of haemoglobin to release oxygen in response to low pH levels?

    <p>Bohr effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of haemoglobin in CO2 transport?

    <p>Transport of CO2 as carbaminohaemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a decrease in temperature on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve?

    <p>Shifts the curve to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in erythrocyte DPG on haemoglobin oxygen affinity?

    <p>It decreases haemoglobin oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical correlation of a decrease in the ability of haemoglobin to take up oxygen and retain oxygen?

    <p>Haemoglobinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of air moved in and out of the respiratory system per minute?

    <p>Minute ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system in relation to temperature regulation?

    <p>To cool the body through evaporation of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood in the lungs?

    <p>Gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anaemia on the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood?

    <p>It decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the decrease in partial pressure of oxygen from 100 mmHg in arterial blood to 40 mmHg in venous blood?

    <p>Increased oxygen consumption by tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which CO2 is transported from the tissues to the lungs?

    <p>As bicarbonate ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the effect of an increase in pH on the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin?

    <p>Increases oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical correlation of a low FEV1/FVC ratio?

    <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hemoglobin in the respiratory system?

    <p>To transport O2 from the lungs to the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between alveolar ventilation and CO2 elimination?

    <p>Increased alveolar ventilation increases CO2 elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of external respiration?

    <p>To exchange O2 and CO2 between the air and the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the effect of an increase in erythrocyte DPG on hemoglobin oxygen affinity?

    <p>Decreases oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of internal respiration?

    <p>To exchange O2 and CO2 between the blood and the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

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