37 Questions
What is the function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?
To facilitate breathing by creating pressure changes
Which alteration is most likely to have implications of a pneumothorax?
Puncture of the pleurae
Which type of ribs are known for their attachment directly to the sternum through cartilage?
True ribs
What is the function of the accessory muscles of respiration?
To aid in forced breathing during exercise or respiratory distress
What is contained within the superior mediastinum?
The esophagus, trachea, and part of the thymus gland
Which muscles does a runner use during active expiration?
Internal intercostals
Which ribs are most responsible for the pump-handle effect?
Vertebrosternal
Why would you not place bilateral interscalene brachial plexus blocks?
Risk of phrenic nerve damage
What disrupts the coupling of the parietal and visceral pleura and causes pulmonary collapse?
Pneumothorax
Which nerves supply the costal parietal pleura and the peripheral portion of diaphragmatic parietal pleura?
Intercostal nerves
Which muscle layer of the thoracic wall is active during eupnea or forced inspiration?
External intercostal muscles
Which muscle layer of the thoracic wall facilitates active expiration by depressing the ribs?
Internal and deep intercostal muscles
Which lung surface corresponds to its respective region of the chest and extends approximately 1 inch above the medial 1/3 of the clavicle?
Apex of the lungs
What is the thin layer of lung tissue located at the boundary where posterior costal and mediastinal surfaces meet?
Posterior border
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
What is the mnemonic 'RALS' used for in relation to the hilum of the lung?
Location of pulmonary artery in relation to primary bronchus
Which vessels branch from the descending aorta and provide vascular supply to lung stroma?
Bronchial arteries
Where do lymphatics arise in the vicinity of the lungs?
At the level of the terminal bronchioles
Which muscle is primarily responsible for inspiration in the respiratory system?
Diaphragm
What causes a communication between the thoracic and abdominal cavity in congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Improper fusion of connective tissues of hemi-diaphragms
Which nerve provides motor innervation to the entire diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
What is the structure that the diaphragm's muscle fibers primarily pull upon when they concentrically contract?
Central tendon
Which muscle assists in inspiration by elevating the rib cage?
Sternocleidomastoid
In which vertebrae level is the esophageal hiatus located?
T10
What causes the dome (cupola) of the diaphragm to rise as high as the level of the 4th intercostal space at rest?
Recoil of lungs after expiration
What is a common side effect of an interscalene block?
Ipsilateral diaphragm paralysis
What is the primary muscle of inspiration in the respiratory system?
Diaphragm
Which part of the respiratory system has alveoli and participates in gas exchange?
Respiratory airways
What is the function of the thoracic skeleton?
To provide strength to protect organs of the thorax and allow movement for ventilation
Which ribs have no sternal connection and end in the posterior abdominal musculature?
Floating ribs
What is the orientation of the ribs in adults?
Oblique, inferior direction from their thoracic vertebral articulation to their anterior sternal articulation
What landmark correlates with the projected posteriorly T4-T5 vertebrae and the start and end of the aortic arch?
Manubriosternal joint
What is the functional characteristic of the sternum?
It provides strength to protect organs of the thorax and flexibility for ventilation
What lies between the head and tubercle of a typical rib?
Neck
What is the function of the thoracic inlet?
It is a narrow superior opening that allows the passage of air into the lungs
What are the characteristics of true ribs?
They attach directly to the sternum via their own costal cartilage
What joints do ribs articulate with posteriorly?
Thoracic vertebrae bodies
Test your knowledge of the functions of the diaphragm, the primary muscle of inspiration in the respiratory system. Explore its role in respiration, venous return, and as a barrier within the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
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