Anatomy: Diaphragm Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the most important muscle for inhalation?

External intercostal muscles

Internal intercostal muscles

Diaphragm (correct)

Pectoralis major

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

It has no effect on the ribs or thoracic diameters

It contracts the abdominal muscles

It elevates the ribs and increases the thoracic diameters (correct)

It depresses the ribs and decreases the thoracic diameters

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Vagus nerve

Phrenic nerve (correct)

Intercostal nerve

Radial nerve

Which of the following statements about the diaphragm is NOT true?

It attaches to the superior aspects of the ribcage Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the external intercostal muscles?

They elevate the ribs during inspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the internal intercostal muscles?

They depress the ribs during forced expiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm during normal breathing?

Contracts during inhalation, relaxes during exhalation Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are primarily involved in forceful exhalation?

Internal intercostal and abdominal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory system in the head and neck region?

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nasal cartilages in the external nose?

Provide structural support and shape Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in forceful inhalation?

Pectoralis major Signup and view all the answers

Which structure serves as a transition zone between the upper and lower respiratory tract?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for directing air to the right and left lung?

The trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the right and left main bronchus?

The right main bronchus is more vertical, while the left is more horizontal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cartilage rings in the bronchial tree?

To provide structure and prevent the bronchi from collapsing. Signup and view all the answers

How many times does the right main bronchus branch compared to the left main bronchus?

The right main bronchus branches 3 times, while the left branches 2 times. Signup and view all the answers

Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?

In the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pleural membrane?

To allow for sliding of the lungs during breathing. Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?

Pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which bone(s) form(s) the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

Ethmoid, maxillae, lacrimal, and palatine bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses?

To drain mucus and increase nasal mucosa surface area Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a paranasal sinus?

Temporal sinus Signup and view all the answers

What structure separates the nasal cavity into two halves?

The nasal septum Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which structure separates the oropharynx from the nasopharynx?

Soft palate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis?

To prevent food from entering the larynx Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cartilaginous structure of the larynx?

Trachealis muscle Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure where the trachea bifurcates into the bronchial tree?

Carina Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscles of Breathing

The diaphragm is the most important muscle of inhalation, a dome-shaped skeletal muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and separates the pleural and peritoneal cavities.
When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens, elevates the ribs, and increases the vertical, transverse, and AP diameters of the thorax.
The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve, and its contraction accounts for 75% of the air that enters the lungs during quiet breathing.

Intercostal Muscles

External intercostal muscles elevate the ribs during inspiration, and their contraction is characterized by a "hands in your pockets" movement.
Internal intercostal muscles depress the ribs during forced expiration, and their contraction is characterized by a "grab your collarbones" movement.
Intercostal muscles are innervated by intercostal nerves.

Respiratory Structures of the Head and Neck

The nose is a specialized organ at the entrance to the respiratory system, composed of an external, visible portion and an internal portion.
The nasal cavity contains sinuses, which are cavities within facial bones lined with mucous membranes that open into the nasal cavity and drain mucous.

The Trachea and Bronchial Tree

The trachea bifurcates into two main, or primary bronchi, which direct air to the right and left lung.
The right main bronchus is shorter and wider than the left main bronchus.
The bronchial tree is composed of primary, secondary, and segmental bronchi, which eventually branch into smaller bronchioles and terminal bronchioles.

The Lungs

The lungs are separated from each other by the heart and other structures of the mediastinum, and each is protected by a double-layered serous membrane called the pleural membrane.
The pleural membrane is composed of parietal and visceral pleura, which secrete a lubricating fluid that reduces friction during breathing movements.

The Nasal Cavity

The nasal cavity is a large space in the anterior aspect of the skull, lined with pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium and goblet cells.
The nasal septum is a cartilaginous structure that separates the two sides of the nasal cavity.

The Sinuses, Conchae, and Meatuses

The sinuses are cavities within facial bones lined with mucous membranes that open into the nasal cavity and drain mucous.
The conchae are turbinate bones that increase the surface area of the nasal mucosa and serve as resonating chambers to enhance vocalizations.

The Pharynx

The pharynx is a muscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the cricoid cartilage, and is divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
The nasopharynx is lined with pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium and receives air from the nasal cavity.
The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are lined with nonkeratinized stratified, squamous epithelium and serve both respiratory and digestive functions.

The Larynx

The larynx is the beginning of the lower respiratory tract, located in the midline of the neck, anterior to the esophagus.
The larynx is composed of 9 cartilaginous structures, including the thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, and cricoid cartilage.
The epiglottis is a cartilaginous structure that separates the trachea from the esophagus and prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the diaphragm, the primary muscle involved in the breathing process. This quiz covers the structure, function, and innervation of the diaphragm.