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Questions and Answers
What type of epithelium primarily lines the nasal cavities?
What type of epithelium primarily lines the nasal cavities?
Which structure prevents swallowed food or fluid from entering the larynx?
Which structure prevents swallowed food or fluid from entering the larynx?
Where does nasal bleeding usually occur from?
Where does nasal bleeding usually occur from?
Which type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?
Which type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?
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What is the function of the lamina propria in the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses?
What is the function of the lamina propria in the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses?
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Which structure houses the respiratory epithelium with goblet cells and lymphoid nodules?
Which structure houses the respiratory epithelium with goblet cells and lymphoid nodules?
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What type of cartilage reinforces the rigid wall of the larynx?
What type of cartilage reinforces the rigid wall of the larynx?
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What are the olfactory neurons known for?
What are the olfactory neurons known for?
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What is sinusitis a condition of?
What is sinusitis a condition of?
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What is found in the lamina propria of the larynx and vocal cords?
What is found in the lamina propria of the larynx and vocal cords?
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What characterizes the lumen of the larynx during silent respiration?
What characterizes the lumen of the larynx during silent respiration?
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Where does the nasal cavity open posteriorly into?
Where does the nasal cavity open posteriorly into?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the upper respiratory tract?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the upper respiratory tract?
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In which part of the respiratory system does the exchange of CO2 for O2 occur in the vicinity of the cells?
In which part of the respiratory system does the exchange of CO2 for O2 occur in the vicinity of the cells?
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What is the function of the paranasal sinuses in the upper respiratory tract?
What is the function of the paranasal sinuses in the upper respiratory tract?
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Which structure in the upper respiratory tract is responsible for warming the inspired air?
Which structure in the upper respiratory tract is responsible for warming the inspired air?
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What is the main function of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
What is the main function of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
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Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells?
Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells?
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What event describes breathing or ventilation in the context of respiration?
What event describes breathing or ventilation in the context of respiration?
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Which part of the respiratory system filters, moistens, and warms the inspired air before it reaches the respiratory portion of the lungs?
Which part of the respiratory system filters, moistens, and warms the inspired air before it reaches the respiratory portion of the lungs?
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What is a function of the sphenoidal sinus in the upper respiratory tract?
What is a function of the sphenoidal sinus in the upper respiratory tract?
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What is a major function of the frontal sinus in the upper respiratory tract?
What is a major function of the frontal sinus in the upper respiratory tract?
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What is a role of pharynx in upper respiratory tract?
What is a role of pharynx in upper respiratory tract?
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Which of the following is NOT part of the respiratory portion where gas exchange takes place?
Which of the following is NOT part of the respiratory portion where gas exchange takes place?
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What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?
What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?
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Which cells are difficult to distinguish in routine preparations and possess numerous dense core granules?
Which cells are difficult to distinguish in routine preparations and possess numerous dense core granules?
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Where are the olfactory chemoreceptors for the sense of smell located?
Where are the olfactory chemoreceptors for the sense of smell located?
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What is the name of the small cells near the basal lamina in the olfactory epithelium?
What is the name of the small cells near the basal lamina in the olfactory epithelium?
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Which region of the nasal cavity contains specialized olfactory epithelium?
Which region of the nasal cavity contains specialized olfactory epithelium?
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What is the function of lamina propria in the nasal cavity?
What is the function of lamina propria in the nasal cavity?
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Which type of cell in the respiratory epithelium resembles gustatory cells and has signal transduction components?
Which type of cell in the respiratory epithelium resembles gustatory cells and has signal transduction components?
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What is the location of chronic presence or accumulation of toxins that affects the respiratory epithelium?
What is the location of chronic presence or accumulation of toxins that affects the respiratory epithelium?
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Which structure houses Bowman's glands and a rich vascular plexus?
Which structure houses Bowman's glands and a rich vascular plexus?
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Which type of cell in the olfactory epithelium functions as stem cells for other cell types?
Which type of cell in the olfactory epithelium functions as stem cells for other cell types?
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What is a potential consequence of heavy cigarette smoking or industrial air pollution on the respiratory epithelium?
What is a potential consequence of heavy cigarette smoking or industrial air pollution on the respiratory epithelium?
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The olfactory chemoreceptors for the sense of smell are located in the olfactory epithelium, covering the middle and inferior conchae of the nasal cavity.
The olfactory chemoreceptors for the sense of smell are located in the olfactory epithelium, covering the middle and inferior conchae of the nasal cavity.
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The lamina propria in the nasal cavity possesses a rich vascular plexus, but does not house Bowman's glands.
The lamina propria in the nasal cavity possesses a rich vascular plexus, but does not house Bowman's glands.
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The respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavities is primarily composed of stratified squamous epithelium, rather than pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
The respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavities is primarily composed of stratified squamous epithelium, rather than pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
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The respiratory system is functionally subdivided into the conducting portion and the respiratory portion.
The respiratory system is functionally subdivided into the conducting portion and the respiratory portion.
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The paranasal sinuses not only transport but also filter, moisten, and warm the inspired air before it reaches the respiratory portion of the lungs.
The paranasal sinuses not only transport but also filter, moisten, and warm the inspired air before it reaches the respiratory portion of the lungs.
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The larynx is part of the upper respiratory tract.
The larynx is part of the upper respiratory tract.
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Anosmia and hyposmia can both be caused by damage to the olfactory epithelium.
Anosmia and hyposmia can both be caused by damage to the olfactory epithelium.
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The loss of the sense of smell due to toxic fumes or physical injury to the olfactory mucosa is usually permanent.
The loss of the sense of smell due to toxic fumes or physical injury to the olfactory mucosa is usually permanent.
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Sinusitis refers to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sinuses.
Sinusitis refers to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sinuses.
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The larynx is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, except on the superior surfaces of the epiglottis and vocal folds.
The larynx is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, except on the superior surfaces of the epiglottis and vocal folds.
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Study Notes
Nasal Cavities
- Nasal cavities are primarily lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
- Nasal bleeding usually occurs from the Kiesselbach's plexus.
- The nasal cavity opens posteriorly into the nasopharynx.
Paranasal Sinuses
- Paranasal sinuses are lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
- The function of the lamina propria in the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses is to provide a rich vascular plexus and support the epithelium.
- The sphenoidal sinus helps to warm, moisten, and filter the inspired air.
- The frontal sinus produces mucus and helps to warm, moisten, and filter the inspired air.
Larynx
- The larynx is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, except on the superior surfaces of the epiglottis and vocal folds.
- The larynx is reinforced by hyaline cartilage.
- The larynx prevents swallowed food or fluid from entering the larynx through the epiglottis.
Olfactory Epithelium
- Olfactory chemoreceptors for the sense of smell are located in the olfactory epithelium, covering the middle and inferior conchae of the nasal cavity.
- The olfactory epithelium houses Bowman's glands and a rich vascular plexus.
- The basal cells in the olfactory epithelium function as stem cells for other cell types.
- The respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavities contains olfactory receptors that resemble gustatory cells and have signal transduction components.
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system is functionally subdivided into the conducting portion and the respiratory portion.
- The conducting portion is responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells.
- The respiratory portion is responsible for exchanging CO2 for O2 in the vicinity of the cells.
- The upper respiratory tract filters, moistens, and warms the inspired air before it reaches the respiratory portion of the lungs.
- The pharynx plays a role in filtering, moistening, and warming the inspired air.
Respiratory Epithelium
- The respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavities is primarily composed of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
- The respiratory epithelium can be affected by chronic presence or accumulation of toxins, leading to potential consequences such as loss of cilia or goblet cells.
- Heavy cigarette smoking or industrial air pollution can cause damage to the respiratory epithelium.
Other
- Sinusitis is a condition of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sinuses.
- Anosmia and hyposmia can be caused by damage to the olfactory epithelium, and the loss of the sense of smell is usually permanent.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the four discrete events in respiration including breathing, external respiration, transport of gases, and internal respiration. Explore upper respiratory tract structures like the sphenoidal sinus, frontal sinus, and nasal cavity.
