Respiratory System Module 1: Upper Respiratory Tract
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  • Digestion of food
  • Supply of oxygen to the body and removal of carbon dioxide (correct)
  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Maintenance of blood pressure

    • Which of the following is NOT part of the conductive portion of the respiratory system?

  • Pharynx
  • Alveolar ducts (correct)
  • Nose
  • Larynx

    • What is the term for the multi-step process by which oxygen is supplied to the body and carbon dioxide is removed from the body?

  • Respiration (correct)
  • Exhalation
  • Inhalation
  • Breathing

    • Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

    <p>To exchange gases between the air and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the conductive portion of the respiratory system?

    <p>Respiratory bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of this module?

    <p>The upper respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the conductive portion of the respiratory system?

    <p>To conduct air into and out of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of goblet cells in respiratory epithelium?

    <p>To produce mucous that traps foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pulse oximetres work?

    <p>By detecting changes in the colour of haemoglobin molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the superior part of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Olfactory epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of measuring oxygen levels in the blood?

    <p>Pulse oximetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of respiratory epithelium in the conductive portion of the respiratory tract?

    <p>To trap foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the layer of areolar connective tissue underlying the epithelial layer in a mucous membrane?

    <p>Lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is respiratory epithelium?

    <p>Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the membrane lining the respiratory tract?

    <p>Mucous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collective name of the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and progressively smaller airways within the lungs?

    <p>Respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural division of the respiratory tract that includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx?

    <p>Upper respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the larynx in the respiratory system?

    <p>To produce sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the larynx in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Between the pharynx and the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the structure and function of the larynx?

    <p>Laryngology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the vocal folds in speech production?

    <p>To produce sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of producing sound through the vibration of the vocal folds?

    <p>Phonation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the supporting cells in olfactory epithelium?

    <p>To provide support and nourishment to olfactory receptor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of basal cells in olfactory epithelium?

    <p>To regenerate and replace olfactory receptor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does your nose run on a cold day?

    <p>Due to the inhaled cold air being exposed to the warm areas of the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for sweeping mucous away in the nasal cavity?

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main conducting airway for inhaled air?

    <p>Nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the external nose referring to?

    <p>The part of the respiratory system visible on the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main parts of the nose?

    <p>Bridge, dorsum and apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the nose?

    <p>In the centre of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the additional set of folds in the larynx?

    <p>Vestibular folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of airflow that generates voice?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the vocal folds when air pressure increases during speech?

    <p>They move apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sounds produced by vocal fold vibrations?

    <p>Voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the tongue and lips in speech production?

    <p>Sound shaping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the part of the respiratory system that the larynx is part of?

    <p>Lower respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the vocal folds in the larynx?

    <p>Production of voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of normal vocal fold vibration during speech production?

    <p>Speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which voice is generated during speech production?

    <p>The airflow from the lungs through the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the tongue and lips in speech production?

    <p>To shape the air flow to form speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sounds produced by the vibration of the vocal folds?

    <p>Voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the vocal folds when air pressure increases during speech?

    <p>They are pushed apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the larynx in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Between the trachea and bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the additional set of folds in the larynx?

    <p>Vestibular folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of airflow that generates voice?

    <p>The lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of normal vocal fold vibration during speech production?

    <p>Sound is produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collective name of the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and progressively smaller airways within the lungs?

    <p>Respiratory Tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural division of the respiratory tract that includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx?

    <p>Upper Respiratory Tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the structures that are part of the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>To filter, warm, and humidify the air we breathe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of measuring oxygen levels in the blood?

    <p>Oximetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the larynx in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Between the trachea and the pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pharynx in the respiratory system?

    <p>To facilitate the swallowing of food and air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sounds produced by vocal fold vibrations?

    <p>Phonation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the conductive portion of the respiratory system?

    <p>To conduct air to the sites of gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide from the body?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is part of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

    <p>Alveolar sacs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of this module?

    <p>The upper respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional division of the respiratory system responsible for conducting air to the sites of gas exchange?

    <p>Conductive portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Alveolar sacs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To supply oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the multi-step process by which oxygen is supplied to the body and carbon dioxide is removed from the body?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the olfactory receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium?

    <p>To detect odor molecules in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the basal cells in the olfactory epithelium?

    <p>To regenerate and replace olfactory receptor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the nose run on a cold day?

    <p>Because the cilia in the nasal cavity become chilled and paralyzed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main conducting airway for inhaled air?

    <p>The nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main parts of the nose?

    <p>The bridge, dorsum, and apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the nose located?

    <p>In the centre of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for sweeping mucous away in the nasal cavity?

    <p>The cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cold air is inhaled into the nasal cavity?

    <p>Water condensation occurs, mixing with mucous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the goblet cells in respiratory epithelium?

    <p>To produce mucous that traps foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the layer of areolar connective tissue underlying the epithelial layer in a mucous membrane?

    <p>Lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of epithelium that lines the superior part of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Olfactory epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pulse oximeters work?

    <p>By detecting changes in the colour of haemoglobin molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the respiratory epithelium in the conductive portion of the respiratory tract?

    <p>To trap foreign substances in the respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of measuring oxygen levels in the blood?

    <p>Pulse oximetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is respiratory epithelium?

    <p>Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the membrane lining the respiratory tract?

    <p>Mucous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective name of the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and progressively smaller airways within the lungs?

    <p>Respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural division of the respiratory tract that includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx?

    <p>Upper respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the larynx in the respiratory system?

    <p>To produce sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the larynx in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Between the pharynx and trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the structure and function of the larynx?

    <p>Laryngology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To supply oxygen to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the conductive portion of the respiratory system?

    <p>To transmit air to the sites of gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the part of the respiratory system that includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx?

    <p>Upper respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional division of the respiratory system that includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs?

    <p>Respiratory portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the multi-step process by which oxygen is supplied to the body and carbon dioxide is removed from the body?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of this module?

    <p>Upper respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the part of the respiratory system that includes the trachea, bronchi, and progressively smaller airways within the lungs?

    <p>Lower respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional division of the respiratory system that includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and progressively smaller airways within the lungs?

    <p>Conductive portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the division of the respiratory system that includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs?

    <p>Respiratory portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the superior part of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Olfactory epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pulse oximetres work?

    <p>By detecting changes in the colour of haemoglobin molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is respiratory epithelium?

    <p>Ciliated columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of goblet cells in respiratory epithelium?

    <p>To produce mucous that traps foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the membrane lining the respiratory tract?

    <p>Mucous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the respiratory epithelium in the conductive portion of the respiratory tract?

    <p>To trap foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of areolar connective tissue underlying the epithelial layer in a mucous membrane?

    <p>Lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of measuring oxygen levels in the blood?

    <p>Pulse oximetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Module: Respiratory System 1 - Upper Respiratory Tract

    Learning Outcomes

    • Describe the structural and functional divisions and the basic functions of the respiratory system
    • Describe the features of respiratory and olfactory epithelium
    • Describe the location, function, and gross anatomy of the nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses
    • Describe the location, function, gross anatomy, and histology of the pharynx and larynx

    Structural Divisions

    • The respiratory system is composed of the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
    • The respiratory tract can be divided into the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract
    • Upper respiratory tract: nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx
    • Lower respiratory tract: trachea, bronchi, and progressively smaller airways within the lungs

    Functional Divisions

    • Conductive portion: nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and progressively smaller airways within the lungs
    • Respiratory portion: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

    Functions

    • Primary function of the respiratory system: respiration (oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal)
    • Other functions: gas conditioning, sound production, olfaction, and defense
    • Pulse oximetry: measures oxygen levels in the blood by detecting changes in hemoglobin molecules

    Epithelium of the Respiratory Tract

    • Respiratory epithelium: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells, supporting cells, and basal cells
    • Olfactory epithelium: located in the superior part of the nasal cavity, provides support and nourishment to olfactory receptor cells and basal cells

    Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Paranasal Sinuses

    • Nose: main conducting airway for inhaled air, divided into external nose and internal nasal cavity
    • Nasal cavity: lined by respiratory epithelium, warms, humidifies, and filters air
    • Paranasal sinuses: air-filled cavities within bones of the skull, produce mucus and help to warm and humidify air

    Voice and Speech Production

    • Voice is generated by airflow from the lungs, passing through the larynx and vocal folds
    • Coordinated movements of the tongue and lips shape the sounds to form speech

    Module: Respiratory System 1 - Upper Respiratory Tract

    Learning Outcomes

    • Describe the structural and functional divisions and the basic functions of the respiratory system
    • Describe the features of respiratory and olfactory epithelium
    • Describe the location, function, and gross anatomy of the nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses
    • Describe the location, function, gross anatomy, and histology of the pharynx and larynx

    Structural Divisions

    • The respiratory system is composed of the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
    • The respiratory tract can be divided into the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract
    • Upper respiratory tract: nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx
    • Lower respiratory tract: trachea, bronchi, and progressively smaller airways within the lungs

    Functional Divisions

    • Conductive portion: nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and progressively smaller airways within the lungs
    • Respiratory portion: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

    Functions

    • Primary function of the respiratory system: respiration (oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal)
    • Other functions: gas conditioning, sound production, olfaction, and defense
    • Pulse oximetry: measures oxygen levels in the blood by detecting changes in hemoglobin molecules

    Epithelium of the Respiratory Tract

    • Respiratory epithelium: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells, supporting cells, and basal cells
    • Olfactory epithelium: located in the superior part of the nasal cavity, provides support and nourishment to olfactory receptor cells and basal cells

    Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Paranasal Sinuses

    • Nose: main conducting airway for inhaled air, divided into external nose and internal nasal cavity
    • Nasal cavity: lined by respiratory epithelium, warms, humidifies, and filters air
    • Paranasal sinuses: air-filled cavities within bones of the skull, produce mucus and help to warm and humidify air

    Voice and Speech Production

    • Voice is generated by airflow from the lungs, passing through the larynx and vocal folds
    • Coordinated movements of the tongue and lips shape the sounds to form speech

    Structural Divisions

    • The respiratory system consists of the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
    • The respiratory tract can be divided into the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract.
    • The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx.
    • The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, and progressively smaller airways within the lungs.

    Functional Divisions

    • The respiratory system can be divided functionally into a conductive portion and a respiratory portion.
    • The conductive portion includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and progressively smaller airways within the lungs.
    • The respiratory portion includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs, where gas exchange occurs between the air in the lungs and the blood.

    Functions

    • The primary function of the respiratory system is respiration, a multi-step process by which oxygen is supplied to the body and carbon dioxide is removed from the body.
    • The respiratory system also has several other functions, including gas conditioning, sound production, olfaction, and defence.

    Epithelium of the Respiratory Tract

    • The respiratory tract is lined by two types of epithelium: respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium.
    • Respiratory epithelium is a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium that lines most of the conductive portion of the respiratory tract.
    • Olfactory epithelium lines the superior part of the nasal cavity and is responsible for olfaction.

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    Description

    Learn about the structural and functional divisions of the respiratory system, including the features of respiratory and olfactory epithelium, and the location, function, and gross anatomy of the nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinus.

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