Questions and Answers
Air enters through the mouth and nose and is warmed. It moves to the ____, the chamber behind the mouth. This tube leads into two other tubes.
After air moves through the pharynx it continues downward. The _________ directs the air into two separate branches or tubes.
There are two branches of the trachea that direct air to the lungs. These tubes are called ____. They connect each of the two lungs to the windpipe.
The lungs are filled with tiny air sacs for the exchange of gases. These very tiny sacs are called ____ and are surrounded by blood vessels.
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The tiny blood vessels surrounding the alveoli are essential for transferring these two gases. These blood vessels, called ____, are the smallest of all blood vessels.
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Which of the following structures is not part of the upper respiratory tract?
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Which part of the respiratory system does not function as an air distributor?
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What is the superior opening of the larynx?
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Which of the following is not a function of the nose?
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The fluid coating the alveoli that reduces surface tension, preventing alveoli from collapsing is called
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Which of the following is not a true statement?
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When the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thorax increases and thoracic pressure
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Increasing the carbon dioxide in the blood results in
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Approximately 70% of carbon dioxide is transported as ________, whereas the 10% is transported dissolved in ___________.
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Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is
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Which of the following does not occur during inspiration?
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The basic rhythm of the respiratory cycle is generated by the
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Areas where gas exchange cannot take place are
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Quiet inspiration occurs when the diaphragm and _________ intercostals _______
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Under normal conditions, air in the atmosphere exerts a pressure of
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The exchange of gases in the alveoli occurs via
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The epiglottis prevents food from entering the airway when swallowing.
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The pharynx is a tubelike structure that opens only into the mouth and larynx.
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The pharynx is known as the voice box.
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The rings of cartilage surrounding the trachea prevent it from collapsing and shutting off the vital airway.
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The trachea divides into secondary bronchi.
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The left lung is divided into three lobes by the oblique and horizontal fissures.
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It is not possible to exhale all of the air from your lungs.
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Air in the pleural space of the thoracic cavity is called a pneumothorax.
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The membrane directly lining the lungs is the parietal pleura.
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During normal, quiet respiration, the amount of air exchanged between the lungs and atmosphere is called:
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The largest amount of air that can enter and leave the lungs during respiration is:
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The volume remaining in the respiratory tract after maximum expiration is:
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The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiring the tidal volume is:
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Vital capacity plus residual volume is:
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Amount of air that can be inhaled during forced breathing in addition to tidal volume is:
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Accelerated respiration is called:
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Dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down is called:
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Reduced pulmonary ventilation is called:
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Increased pulmonary ventilation in excess of metabolic demand is called:
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Normal, relaxed, quiet breathing is called:
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Labored, gasping breathing; shortness of breath is called:
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Temporary cessation of breathing is called:
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Permanent cessation of breathing is called:
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Increased rate and depth of breathing in response to exercise, pain, or other conditions is called:
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Deficiency of oxygen is called:
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Malignancy of pulmonary tissue is called:
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Very serious, chronic, and highly infectious disease that prevents lung compliance is called:
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Displacement of nasal septum is called:
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Nosebleed is called:
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Inflammation of mucosa in the nasal cavity (common cold) is called:
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Inflammation of your pharynx (sore throat) is called:
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Inflammation of the vocal cords (temporarily lose voice) is called:
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Harsh, vibrating cough affecting infants is called:
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Inflammation due to common infection of the bronchial tree is called:
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Upper respiratory infection due to bacteria is called:
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Long-term obstruction of airflow and a substantial reduction in pulmonary ventilation is called:
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Bronchioconstriction due to allergens is called:
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Accumulation of mucous in the respiratory tract due to genetic defect is called:
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Lower respiratory infection of the alveoli that causes fluid build-up in the lungs due to bacteria and viruses is called:
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Alveolar walls break down and the surface area of the lungs is reduced is called:
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Superficial lung tissue becomes inflamed, resulting in a sharp pain in the chest that is worse with breathing, cough, chest tenderness, and shortness of breath is called:
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Overview
- Air enters through the mouth and nose, warmed as it moves to the pharynx.
- Pharynx leads to the larynx, which directs air to the trachea and bronchi.
- Bronchi are the two branches of the trachea that connect to each lung, facilitating air entry.
Gas Exchange Mechanism
- The lungs contain alveoli, tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs.
- Surrounding the alveoli are capillaries, the smallest blood vessels that enable gas exchange by transporting red blood cells.
Respiratory Functions and Structures
- The nose moistens and warms air, acts as a resonating chamber, and detects odors but does not ingest food.
- The epiglottis prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing.
- Trachea is not part of the upper respiratory tract; it divides into two primary bronchi.
Breathing Mechanics
- Diaphragm contraction increases thoracic volume and decreases pressure, drawing air into the lungs.
- Inspiration involves diaphragm and external intercostals contracting for effective airflow.
- Quiet inspiration refers to normal breathing without exertion.
Lung Capacity and Volumes
- Tidal volume is the amount of air exchanged during normal respiration.
- Vital capacity is the maximum air volume that can be expelled after full inhalation.
- Residual volume is the air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration.
- Total lung capacity includes vital capacity and residual volume.
Respiratory Patterns and Conditions
- Hyperpnea refers to increased breathing due to exercise or pain, while hypoventilation indicates reduced ventilation.
- Eupnea describes normal, relaxed breathing, whereas dyspnea denotes labored breathing.
- Apnea is a temporary cessation of breathing, while tachypnea is a rapid breathing rate.
Respiratory Disorders
- Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease that impacts lung compliance.
- COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) involves airflow obstruction and reduced ventilation.
- Asthma causes bronchoconstriction due to allergens, while cystic fibrosis leads to mucus accumulation in the respiratory tract.
- Pneumonia is a lower respiratory infection characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli.
Inflammation and Infection
- Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa, while sinusitis involves inflammation of the sinuses.
- Pharyngitis refers to the inflammation of the pharynx, often resulting in a sore throat.
- Laryngitis is inflammation of the vocal cords, causing temporary voice loss.
Respiratory Anatomy Facts
- Pleura membranes line the lungs with parietal and visceral layers.
- The trachea is reinforced with cartilage rings to prevent collapse.
- Gas exchange in alveoli occurs via simple diffusion, maintaining efficient respiratory function.
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Test your knowledge of the respiratory system with these flashcards. Each card presents a question related to the anatomy and function of the respiratory system. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of how we breathe.
