Respiratory System Anatomy Quiz

The body's increased demand for oxygen during exercise, leading to faster and deeper breathing.

A type of respiration that occurs when the body doesn't have enough oxygen, producing lactic acid and increasing CO2 levels.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, responsible for absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

A substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing during breathing.

The part of the brain that controls involuntary breathing, ensuring a constant supply of oxygen to the body.

A condition where CO2 levels in the arterial blood are higher than normal, often caused by inadequate breathing.

Specialized receptors that monitor the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid and trigger adjustments in breathing rate.

The part of the respiratory system that conducts air to the lungs, from the nose to the bronchi.

The primary entry points for air, responsible for filtering, warming, and moistening incoming air.

A pathway for both air and food; the larynx houses the vocal cords and is involved in speech production.

A tube reinforced by C-shaped cartilaginous rings, conducting air to the bronchi; lined with ciliated epithelium and mucus to trap and expel particles.

The trachea divides into the right and left bronchi, which further divide into smaller bronchioles; these passageways continue to filter, warm, and moisten the air.

The bronchioles terminate in alveolar ducts that lead to alveolar sacs composed of multiple alveoli; tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

The primary function of the respiratory system; the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

The respiratory system's defense mechanism; larger particles are filtered out by nasal hairs, while smaller particles are trapped by mucus produced at a rate of 10-100 ml/day.

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the capillaries;

Tiny hair-like structures that line the airways, constantly beating to move mucus and debris upwards, preventing them from entering the lungs.

The process by which oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream, occurring in tiny air sacs called alveoli.

A reflex triggered by irritants in the pharynx or larynx, causing a forceful expulsion of air to remove the irritant.

Specialized cells in the alveoli that engulf debris and pathogens, acting as a defense against infection.

The process by which the body controls the rate and depth of breathing to maintain a constant oxygen and carbon dioxide balance in the blood.

Specialized sensory receptors that detect changes in blood pH, oxygen levels (pO2), and carbon dioxide levels (pCO2) in the arterial blood. They are particularly sensitive to low oxygen conditions (hypoxia) and trigger an increase in breathing rate to improve oxygen intake.

Reduced levels of oxygen in the blood or tissues, which can trigger an increase in the rate and depth of breathing to compensate for the oxygen deficiency.

The ability to consciously control breathing patterns. This allows us to adjust our breathing rate and depth for activities like speaking, holding our breath, or adjusting our breathing during exercise.

The unconscious regulation of breathing by the brainstem (specifically the pons and medulla). This system automatically adjusts breathing rate to meet the body's metabolic needs (e.g., increased oxygen during exercise).

The blood's pH balance is maintained by the lungs through the regulation of carbon dioxide levels. CO2 combines with water to form carbonic acid, which impacts blood pH.

The lungs contribute to the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) by producing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that increases blood pressure.