Respiratory System Anatomy easy

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What is the primary function of Type 2 alveolar cells?

Aiding in the contraction of the diaphragm
Removing dust particles from the lungs
Allowing for rapid gas exchange
Repairing the alveolar epithelium and secreting pulmonary surfactant (correct)

What happens to the internal pressure of the lungs when the lung volume increases?

It becomes zero
It decreases (correct)
It remains constant
It increases

What is the main function of alveolar macrophages?

Removing dust particles from the lungs (correct)
Secreting pulmonary surfactant
Aiding in gas exchange
Contracting the diaphragm

What is the Valsalva maneuver used for?

Aiding in childbirth and defecation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevance of Henry's law to lung function?

It relates the amount of dissolved gas to its partial pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when intrapulmonary pressure rises above atmospheric pressure?

Air moves out of the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring pulmonary ventilation using a spirometer?

To assess severity of a disease and to monitor improvement or deterioration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled with maximum effort?

Vital capacity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What must happen for oxygen to get into the blood from the air?

It must be dissolved in water and pass through the membrane separating the air from the bloodstream (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration?

Residual volume (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way that CO2 is transported in the blood?

As bicarbonate and hydrogen ions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hyperventilation on blood pH?

Decreases H+ concentration and raises pH (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition where there is a deficiency of O2 or the inability to use O2?

Hypoxia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of carbon monoxide on hemoglobin?

Competes for the O2 binding sites on hemoglobin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most potent stimulus for breathing?

pH levels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pleurae?

To reduce friction and make breathing easier (D) Signup and view all the answers

During quiet respiration, which muscle is the primary mover of pulmonary airflow?

Diaphragm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleurae?

Pleural cavity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an infection of the pleurae?

Pleurisy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the complete process of breathing in and out?

Respiratory cycle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of breathing in pure oxygen?

Seizures, coma, and death (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of emphysema?

Breakdown of alveolar walls (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Smoking (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of lung cancer?

Squamous cell carcinoma (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of nicotine in COPD?

Paralysis of the cilia (B) Signup and view all the answers