Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following drugs primarily work as bronchodilators?
Which of the following drugs primarily work as bronchodilators?
What is the main function of expectorants?
What is the main function of expectorants?
Antihistamines are primarily used for which condition?
Antihistamines are primarily used for which condition?
Which class of drugs constricts blood vessels in the respiratory tract?
Which class of drugs constricts blood vessels in the respiratory tract?
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What is the primary role of mucolytics in respiratory therapy?
What is the primary role of mucolytics in respiratory therapy?
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Which type of drug is generally used as a last resort in the management of allergies?
Which type of drug is generally used as a last resort in the management of allergies?
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What therapeutic purpose do smoking cessation aids like Nicorette gum serve?
What therapeutic purpose do smoking cessation aids like Nicorette gum serve?
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Which group of medications is used to relieve bronchospasm and is indicated for COPD?
Which group of medications is used to relieve bronchospasm and is indicated for COPD?
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What adverse effect is commonly associated with both β1 and β2 agonists?
What adverse effect is commonly associated with both β1 and β2 agonists?
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Which of the following is not a known adverse effect of montelukast (Singulair)?
Which of the following is not a known adverse effect of montelukast (Singulair)?
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Which condition is not typically treated with leukotriene receptor antagonists?
Which condition is not typically treated with leukotriene receptor antagonists?
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What is a frequently noted side effect of xanthine derivatives such as theophylline?
What is a frequently noted side effect of xanthine derivatives such as theophylline?
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Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with the use of β2 agonists such as albuterol?
Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with the use of β2 agonists such as albuterol?
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Which mechanism of action is attributed to corticosteroids in respiratory treatment?
Which mechanism of action is attributed to corticosteroids in respiratory treatment?
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What unique adverse effect is associated with zileuton but not with other leukotriene receptor antagonists?
What unique adverse effect is associated with zileuton but not with other leukotriene receptor antagonists?
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In which situation is the use of anticholinergics contraindicated?
In which situation is the use of anticholinergics contraindicated?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Drugs and Antihistamines
- Oxygen: Administration of oxygen, side effects, cautions
- Key Terms: Ventilation, perfusion, diffusion, pulmonary circulation, surfactant, pneumocytes
- Respiratory Stimulants: Caffeine, theophylline, carbon dioxide inhalations, bronchodilators
- Bronchodilators: Relax smooth muscles of bronchial tree, relax bronchospasm, increase vital capacity of lungs; used for acute respiratory conditions and COPD
- Sympathomimetics (adrenergics): Metered dose inhalers, breath-actuated inhalers
- Parasympatholytics (anticholinergics):
- Xanthines:
- Corticosteroids:
- Asthma Prophylaxis: Anti-leukotrienes, cromolyn
- Mucolytics and Expectorants: Mucolytics (liquefy pulmonary secretions), expectorants (increase secretions, reduce viscosity, and expel sputum), antitussives (prevent coughing), antihistamines (treat symptoms of allergies; adjunct treatment of anaphylactic reactions)
- Decongestants: Used for short-term treatment of respiratory tract
- Smoking Cessation Aids: Nicotine gum, Nicoderm patch, Nicotrol inhaler, behavior modification
Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases
- Asthma: Recurrent and reversible shortness of breath, bronchospasm, inflammation and edema of bronchus mucosa, production of thick mucus, wheezing, difficulty breathing, status asthmaticus (prolonged asthma attacks)
- Chronic Bronchitis: Continuous inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles, often results from exposure to bronchial irritants, characterized by chronic productive cough ("blue bloater"), hypoxemia
- Emphysema: Air spaces enlarge by destruction of alveolar walls, reduced surface area for gas exchange, difficulty exhaling ("pink puffer")
- COPD Drugs: Long-term control (antileukotrienes, cromolyn, inhaled steroids, long-acting beta-agonists) and quick-relief (IV/systemic corticosteroids, short-acting beta-agonists, bronchodilators)
Other Drugs
- Three types of Nonselective adrenergics: Stimulate α, β, (cardiac), and β₂ (respiratory), receptors; examples: Epinephrine.
- Mechanism of Action: Begins at the specific receptor stimulated; ends with the dilation of the airways.
- Indications: Relief of bronchospasm, useful in treatment of acute attacks, used in hypotension and shock, used to prevent premature labor, hyperkalemia-stimulates potassium
- B-Agonists Adverse Effects: Cardiac stimulation, tremor, anginal pain, hypotension, hypertension
- Nursing Implications: Thorough assessment; baseline vital signs; respiratory assessment; including PO2
- Antileukotrienes: Uses: prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma, NOT for acute attacks
- Adverse Effects: Headache, dyspepsia, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, insomnia, liver dysfunction (with montelukast)
- Corticosteroids: Anti-inflammatory effects, used for chronic asthma and COPD exacerbations, take several weeks to show full effects
- Inhaled Corticosteroids: Lower systemic effects, examples: beclomethasone, triamcinolone
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Description
This quiz covers essential drugs used in the respiratory system, including oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, and antihistamines. Explore key terms and treatment options for various respiratory conditions, such as asthma and COPD. Test your knowledge on the mechanisms and side effects of these medications.
