Respiratory System Drugs Lecture Notes PDF

Respiratory System Drugs and Antihistamines +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Oxygen | - | | | | | Hypoxia...

Respiratory System Drugs and Antihistamines +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Oxygen | - | | | | | Hypoxia | 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. | | | | | Administration of oxygen | | | | | | Side effects | | | | | | Cautions | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - Respiratory Stimulants - Caffeine - Theophylline - Carbon dioxide inhalations - Bronchodilators - Relax smooth muscles of bronchial tree - Relieve bronchospasm - Increase vital capacity of lungs - Uses - Acute respiratory conditions - COPD - Sympathomimetics (adrenergics) - Metered dose inhalers - Breath-actuated inhales - Parasympatholytics (anticholinergics) - Xanthines - Corticosteroids - Anti-leukotrienes - Cromolyn - Mucolytics - Liquefy pulmonary secretions - Expectorants - Increase secretions, reduce viscosity, and expel sputum - Adequate fluid intake - Antitussives - Prevent coughing - Antihistamines - Competitively antagonize the histamine~1~ receptor sites - Not curative - Treat symptoms of allergies - Adjunctive treatment of anaphylactic reactions - Decongestants - Constrict blood vessels in respiratory tract - Used for short-term basis - Smoking Cessation Aids - Lower level of nicotine - Behavior modification for smoking cessation - Nicorrette gum - Nicoderm patch - Nicotrol inhaler **[Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases]** - - - **[Asthma]** - - - - - - - - - - - - - [Chronic Bronchitis] - - - - - - [Emphysema] - - - - - - - **\ [COPD Drugs]** - - - - - - - - - - - - **Anticholinergics** - - - - - - [Bronchodilators: β-Agonists] **[Three types]** - - - - - - - - - **[Mechanism of Action]** - - - \*cAMP = cyclic adenosine monophosphate - - - - - **[α-β (epinephrine)]** - - - - - - - **Respiratory System Drugs -** [β-Agonists: Adverse Effects] **[β~1~ and β~2~ (metaproterenol) ]** - Cardiac stimulation - Tremor - Anginal pain **[β~2~ (albuterol)]** - Hypotension OR hypertension - Vascular headache - Tremor [β-Agonists **Nursing Implications**] - - - - - - - - - [β-Agonists - **Nursing Implications**] - - - - - - - - **\ ** [ β-Agonists - **Patient Education**] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Anticholinergics - Mechanism of Action** - - - - - - - - - **[Adverse effects]** - - - - - - - **No known drug interactions** - - - - - **(IV) theophylline (Aminophylline)** **(oral) theophylline (Elixophyllin, Theo-Dur)** - - - - - - - - - - - [Xanthine Derivatives: Adverse Effects ] - - - - [Xanthine Derivatives - Nursing Implications] - - - - - - - - - - **\ **Antileukotrienes - Also called [**leukotriene receptor antagonists** (LRTAs)] - **[Currently available drugs]** - - - - - - - - - - - - **[By blocking leukotrienes:]** - - - - **[Antileukotrienes - Indications]** - age 12 - - - [Antileukotrienes: Adverse Effect]s **[zileuton (Zyflo) zafirlukast (Accolate]**) Headache Headache Dyspepsia Nausea Nausea Diarrhea Dizziness Liver dysfunction Insomnia Liver dysfunction **Montelukast (Singulair) has fewer adverse effects** **[Nursing Implications -- Pt Ed]** - - - - - - **\ **[Corticosteroids] - - - - - - **[Mechanism of Action]** - - [**Inhaled C**orticosteroids] - - - - [Corticosteroids - Indications] - - [Corticosteroids - Adverse Effects] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bronchodilators - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Anticholinergics - - - - Xanthines - - - - - - - - - - - - Corticosteroids - - - - Steroids - - - - - - Beclovent---beclomethasone - Pulmicor---budesonide - - - Azmacort---triamcinolone - Steroids - - Leukotriene Modifiers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mast Cell Stabilizers - - - - - Immunosuppressant Monoclonal Antibody - - - - Antihistamines and Allergic Disorders - - - - Antihistamines - - - Allergic Reactions - - Types of Responses to Cell-Mediated Invasion - - - - Allergic Reactions - - - - - - - Allergic Rhinitis - - - - - Intranasal Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis - - - - - - Allergic Contact Dermatitis - - - Other reactions - - - - Antihistamines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Examples: - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nasal Decongestants - - - - - - Antitussives - - - - - Expectorants - - Mucolytics - - - Cold Remedies - - - - -