Respiratory System and Nose Anatomy

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What is the function of the conducting zone in the respiratory system?

Let air go in and out, remove debris, and warm incoming air (correct)

Secrete mucus to trap debris

Connect the nasal cavity to the trachea

Facilitate gas exchange in the alveoli

Where are the vocal cords and epiglottis located in the respiratory system?

Larynx (correct)

Pharynx

Nasal cavity

Trachea

What is the role of defensins in the respiratory system?

Creating a deeper sound during speech

Regulating the volume of air entering the lungs

Warming and humidifying the air in the nasal cavity

Fight infections by being secreted along with mucus (correct)

How does cold air affect the cilia in the nasal cavity?

Slows them down, resulting in a runny nose Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for regulating the volume of air that enters the lungs?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

Where does the epiglottis close when we swallow food?

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the apneustic center located in the pons?

Stimulates the diaphragm and intercostal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Why does the respiratory rate increase when carbon dioxide levels rise in the body?

To remove toxic carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which gas has a high pressure but low solubility in liquid?

Nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What happens to oxygen saturation in hemoglobin at higher temperatures?

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

As bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

What triggers hyperpnea in the body?

Increase in rate and depth of ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What happens during internal respiration?

Oxygen leaves the blood stream to enter tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What are peripheral chemoreceptors primarily sensitive to?

Decrease in oxygen levels. Signup and view all the answers

What physiological effect does hyperventilation have on blood pH?

It makes the blood more alkaline Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increasing altitude have on hemoglobin saturation?

Decreases hemoglobin saturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason exercise poses a problem at higher altitudes?

Low oxygen reserves in veins Signup and view all the answers

At what altitude does Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) usually occur?

19000 ft Signup and view all the answers

How is Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) typically treated?

Descending to a lower altitude Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of fetal breathing movements starting around week 20 of development?

Shows the fetus is practicing breathing Signup and view all the answers

Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

Alveolar sacs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of alveolar macrophages in the lungs?

Clean debris and kill pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which lung has a cardiac notch?

Left lung Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pulmonary artery in the respiratory system?

Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the difference in size between the right and left lungs?

Number of lobes Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles contract during forced breathing activities?

Both diaphragm and intercostal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which volume represents the air left in the lungs after maximum exhalation?

Residual volume (RV) Signup and view all the answers

What is anatomical dead space in the context of respiratory anatomy?

Air that never reaches the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

There is a spot for the heart called what in the left lung?

Cardiac notch Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for automatically regulating gas regulation and coughing in the respiratory system?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers