54 Questions
What is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system?
Nose
What is the anatomical term for the external openings of the nose?
Anterior nares
What structure bounds each nostril laterally?
Ala
What anatomical structure is found centrally between the nostrils?
Nasal septum
How is the nose attached to the forehead?
Bridge
Which of these structures is part of the nasal framework formed above?
Frontal processes of maxillae
Which part of the nasal cavity contains the nasal septum?
Medial wall
Which type of cartilage forms the lower part of the nose?
Hyaline cartilage
The nasal cavity extends from the external (anterior) nares to what structure?
Posterior nares (choanae)
Which bone is part of the nasal framework formed above?
Nasal bone
How many horizontal bony projections are present in the lateral wall?
Three
Which membranes cover the bony projections in the lateral wall?
Mucous membrane
What are the names of the conchae present in the lateral wall?
Superior, middle & inferior conchae
Another term for conchae is:
Turbinates
What is the primary characteristic of the projections in the lateral wall?
They are horizontal.
Which function of the nasal cavity helps in producing vocal sounds?
Connection to the larynx
What type of tissue is found in the upper part of the nasal cavity and aids in the sense of smell?
Olfactory epithelial tissue
Which of the following is NOT a function of the paranasal sinuses?
Directly aiding in digestion
Which bones contain the paranasal sinuses?
Ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, and maxillae
What is the primary role of the cilia within the paranasal sinuses?
Propelling mucus toward the nasal cavity
Which anatomical feature is essential for the nose's role in facial appearance?
The external shape and structure of the nose
Which structure forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
Hard (bony) palate
Which of the following bones contributes to the roof of the nasal cavity?
Frontal bone
What forms the posterior part of the medial wall (nasal septum) of the nasal cavity?
Vomer bone
Which part of the nasal cavity is formed superiorly by the vertical plate of the ethmoid bone?
Medial wall
What structure is NOT part of the roof of the nasal cavity?
Maxillary bone
Which of the following imaging methods is considered the most accurate for detecting if the sinuses are obstructed?
Computed Tomography (CT)
Where are the maxillary sinuses located?
In the maxillary bone
Which type of sinuses are found within the frontal bone?
Frontal sinuses
Which statement about CT scanning is NOT true?
It is invasive.
Which of the sinuses are located in the ethmoid bone?
Ethmoid sinuses
What structure separates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity?
Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
Which sinus is situated behind the cribriform plate?
Sphenoid sinus
What is the location of the sella turcica?
In the sphenoid bone
Where is the vestibule of the nasal cavity located?
In the anterior portion of the nasal cavity
What structure is associated with the ethmoid air sinuses?
Superior nasal meatus
Which nerve supplies the sphenoidal sinuses?
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
Which concha (turbinate) is the largest and most visible in the anterior portion of the nasal cavity?
Inferior concha
What is a primary function of the sphenoidal sinuses?
Lightening the skull
Which of the following structures connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx?
Opening of auditory (eustachian) tube
What structure is located lateral to the ethmoid air sinuses?
Optic nerve
Into which anatomical space do the sphenoidal sinuses open?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Where is the maxillary sinus located?
Within the zygomatic process
How many sphenoidal sinuses are there?
Two
What is one of the primary functions of the paranasal sinuses?
Lighten the skull
Which of the following is true about the maxillary sinuses?
Their floor is formed by the alveolar border
Which nerves supply the maxillary sinuses?
Superior alveolar and infraorbital nerves
Into which meatus do the maxillary sinuses open?
Middle meatus
Which teeth roots project into the maxillary sinus?
1st and 2nd premolars and the 3rd molar
Where are the frontal sinuses located?
Within the frontal bone on either side of the midline
How are the ethmoidal sinuses divided?
Into three groups: anterior, middle, and posterior
Which part of the sinuses is supplied by the supraorbital nerve?
Frontal sinuses
Through which structure do the frontal sinuses open into the middle meatus?
Infundibulum
Which sinus group opens into the superior meatus?
Posterior ethmoidal sinus
Study Notes
Nose
- The nose is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system.
- It has a free tip and is attached to the forehead by the root or bridge.
- The nose has two openings, the anterior (external) nares or nostrils, which lead to the nasal cavity.
- Each nostril is bounded laterally by the ala and medially by the nasal septum.
- The nose consists of a bony and cartilaginous framework.
- Formed above by the nasal bones, frontal processes of maxillae, and nasal part of frontal bone.
- Formed below by plates of hyaline cartilage, which include upper and lower nasal cartilages and the septal cartilage.
Nasal Cavity
- Extends from the external (anterior) nares to the posterior nares (choanae).
- Divided into right and left halves by the nasal septum.
- Each half has a floor, roof, lateral wall, and medial wall (septum).
- The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by the nasal septum.
- Each half of the nasal cavity has a floor, roof, lateral wall, and medial wall (septum).
- The cribriform plate of ethmoid bone is located at the roof and separates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity above it.
- The frontal sinus is situated above the cribriform plate.
- The sphenoid sinus is visible behind the cribriform plate.
- The ethmoid air sinuses are located lateral to the cribriform plate and are closely associated with the olfactory region.
- The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland.
Functions of the Nose and Nasal Cavity
- Modify the air we breathe by warming, humidifying, and filtering it.
- Produce the resonance of speech.
- House the olfactory mucosa, which is responsible for our sense of smell.
- Contribute to the appearance of the face.
Paranasal Sinuses
- Are air-filled cavities within the bones of the face surrounding the nasal cavity.
- Include the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses.
- Functions:
- Lighten the skull.
- Act as resonant chambers for speech.
- Help to warm, clean, and moisten the air we breathe.
Maxillary Sinus
- Located within the body of the maxilla.
- Pyramidal in shape with the base forming the lateral wall of the nose and the apex lying in the zygomatic process of the maxilla.
- Roof: formed by the floor of the orbit.
- Floor: formed by the alveolar border.
- Roots of 1st and 2nd premolars and the 3rd molar (sometimes canines) project into the sinus.
- Opens into the middle meatus through the hiatus semilunaris.
- Supplied by superior alveolar and infraorbital nerves.
Other Paranasal Sinuses
- Frontal sinus: located within the frontal bone.
- Ethmoid sinus: located in the ethmoid bone.
- Sphenoid sinus: located in the sphenoid bone.
Diagnosis of Paranasal Sinuses Defect
- Diagnosis of paranasal sinuses defect by X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT).
- CT scanning is painless, noninvasive, and accurate.
- CT scanning is the most reliable imaging technique for determining if the sinuses are obstructed.
- CT scanning is the best imaging modality for sinusitis.
Learn about the structure and components of the human nose, including its bony and cartilaginous framework, nasal cavity, and external features.
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