Respiratory System Anatomy Quiz

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What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Controls the acid-base balance

Provides oxygen for cellular respiration (correct)

Regulates the volume of air that enters the lungs

Filters debris from inhaled air

Where are the vocal cords and epiglottis located?

Oropharynx

Nasal cavity

Laryngopharynx (correct)

Trachea

What is the role of cilia in the respiratory system?

Secrete defensins to fight infections

Regulate the volume of air entering the lungs

Filter debris from the air using a beating motion (correct)

Separate the right and left nostrils

Which structure in the nasal cavity disrupts air flow to clean and warm incoming air?

Conchae Signup and view all the answers

What happens when cold air affects the cilia in the respiratory system?

Cilia stop functioning Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the larynx is responsible for closing the trachea during swallowing?

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of alveolar macrophages in the lungs?

Kill pathogens and clean debris Signup and view all the answers

Which lung has a cardiac notch?

Left lung Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of air entering the lungs during quiet breathing?

Tidal volume Signup and view all the answers

What causes inspiration and expiration in the lungs?

Pressure and volume are inversely related Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the air that never reaches the alveoli?

Alveolar dead space Signup and view all the answers

What controls the respiratory rate in humans?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the trachea?

Connect larynx and lungs Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary bronchi derived from?

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

In the alveolar sac Signup and view all the answers

What muscle is primarily responsible for inhalation during exercise?

Diaphragm contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between hyperpnea and hyperventilation?

Hyperpnea leads to an increase in ventilation. Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing altitude affect hemoglobin saturation levels?

Hemoglobin saturation decreases with altitude. Signup and view all the answers

Why does exercise pose a problem at higher altitudes?

Higher altitudes have less oxygen available for inhalation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for acute mountain sickness (AMS)?

Immediate descent to a lower altitude. Signup and view all the answers

When does fetal breathing movement typically start according to the text?

Week 20 of development. Signup and view all the answers

At what altitude does acute mountain sickness (AMS) usually occur?

Around 8000 ft. Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure contains the dorsal respiratory group (DRG) responsible for sending signals to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to contract?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

What signals does the ventral respiratory group (VRG) in the medulla oblongata send?

Signals for forced inspiration Signup and view all the answers

What happens when carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase?

Breathing rate increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the apneustic center located in the pons?

Stimulates respiratory muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs is accurate?

A high level of carbon dioxide in the alveoli causes pulmonary arterioles to constrict Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperpnea?

An increase in rate and depth of ventilation Signup and view all the answers