Questions and Answers
What will an increased Raw cause?
increase the work of breathing
What does a decreased lung compliance result in?
increases the work of breathing
What is the best assessment for ventilation?
PaCO2
Which endotracheal tube will minimize Raw for a 49-year-old male patient with a PBW of 74 kg?
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What do the data from Graph A (PIP = 40 mm Hg; PPLAT = 20 mm Hg) and Graph B (PIP = 50 mm Hg; PPLAT = 20 mm Hg) indicate?
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What is the patient's effective alveolar minute ventilation if they have a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/minute, VT of 400 mL, and a VD/VT ratio of 0.50?
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What is the total cycle time (TCT) for a patient with a respiratory rate of 12/minute?
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What is the most likely adverse effect of increasing a patient's respiratory rate from 16/min to 30/min?
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What should the tidal volume (VT) be recommended for a 70-kg patient receiving a VT of 500 mL with a PPlat of 34 cm H2O?
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What does the clinical data indicate for the patient from 0700 to 0800?
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Which statements about the airway resistance in the given blue and green loops are true? (Select all that apply)
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Study Notes
Respiratory Mechanics
- Increased Raw leads to higher work of breathing, making ventilation more difficult.
- Decreased lung compliance similarly increases the work of breathing, indicating stiffer lungs that require more effort to inflate.
Ventilation Assessment
- The best parameter to assess ventilation efficiency is PaCO2, as it reflects the adequacy of gas exchange.
Endotracheal Tube Sizing
- For a 49-year-old male with a predicted body weight (PBW) of 74 kg, a size 8.0 mm ID endotracheal tube minimizes Raw and facilitates easier airflow.
P-V Graph Interpretation
- Comparison of P-V graphs indicates increased Raw when PIP is elevated while PPlat remains unchanged, suggesting a decline in airway patency.
Effective Alveolar Minute Ventilation
- A patient with a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min and tidal volume (VT) of 400 mL, with a dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT) ratio of 0.50, has an effective alveolar minute ventilation of 2.0 L/min.
Total Cycle Time (TCT)
- For a patient with a respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min, the total cycle time is calculated to be 5 seconds.
Mechanical Ventilation Considerations
- Increasing the respiratory rate from 16 to 30 breaths/min can lead to adverse effects such as increased auto-PEEP, which may compromise effective ventilation.
Tidal Volume Recommendations
- For a 70 kg patient with a PPlat of 34 cm H2O, it is recommended to adjust the VT to between 300-400 mL to improve mechanical efficiency and reduce the risk of complications.
Monitoring Lung Compliance
- Clinical data indicates a decrease in static lung compliance, discernible from changes in PIP and PPlat values between 0700 and 0800, highlighting potential deterioration in lung function.
Airway Resistance Analysis
- Observations from graphic loops indicate that the green loop shows less airway resistance and higher lung compliance compared to the blue loop.
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Description
Test your knowledge on respiratory physiology with these flashcards designed for the 3rd semester. From concepts like work of breathing to endotracheal tube sizes, these cards will help reinforce key definitions and assessments in the field. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals alike.
