42 Questions
What is the shape of the lungs?
Conical
What is the function of the lungs in the process of respiration?
To oxygenate the blood
What is the number of lobes in the right lung?
3
What is the name of the layer of the tracheal wall that is not visible in the diagram?
Adventitia
What is the number of compartments in the thoracic cavity?
3
What is the location of the mediastinum?
Between the two pulmonary cavities
What is the function of the pleural membrane?
To line the pulmonary cavities and cover the lungs
What is the name of the surface of the lung that is in contact with the diaphragm?
Diaphragmatic surface
What type of epithelium covers the upper nasal septum?
Olfactory epithelium
What type of epithelium covers the lower nasal septum and nasopharynx?
Respiratory epithelium
What type of epithelium covers the oral cavity, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What type of epithelium covers the lingual part of the epiglottis?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What type of epithelium covers the rest of the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis?
Respiratory epithelium
What type of epithelium covers the vocal fold of the larynx?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What is the function of the epiglottis?
To prevent swallowed food from entering the lungs
What is the composition of the core of the epiglottis?
Elastic cartilage
What is the characteristic of the epithelium in bronchioles?
Nonciliated rounded/dome-shaped apical ends
What is the function of the secretion of surfactant lipoproteins and mucins in bronchioles?
To maintain the fluid layer on the epithelial surface
What is the characteristic of the lamina propria in smaller bronchi?
Thin and elastic
What is the arrangement of the smooth muscle in smaller bronchi?
Permits contraction in both length and diameter
What is the characteristic of the bronchioles?
Lack both mucosal glands and cartilage
Where are the bronchioles located?
In the intralobular airways
What is the function of the enzymes of the SER in bronchioles?
To detoxify inhaled xenobiotic compounds
After how many generations of branching do bronchioles form?
After 10th generation
What is the function of the club cells in the terminal bronchiole epithelium?
To secrete antimicrobial peptides and cytokines
What type of cells are present in the terminal bronchiole epithelium, besides club cells?
Chemosensory brush cells and DNES small granule cells
What is the characteristic of the epithelium in larger bronchioles?
Folded respiratory epithelium with prominent smooth muscle
What is the characteristic of the terminal bronchioles in the respiratory tree?
They branch further and become the respiratory bronchioles
What type of connective tissue supports larger bronchioles?
Fibrous connective tissue
What type of cells do club cells serve as progenitor stem cells for?
Damaged bronchiolar epithelial cells
What is the function of club cells in terms of detoxification?
Detoxification of inhaled stimuli or toxic substances
What is the characteristic of the epithelium in very small bronchioles?
Reduced to simple ciliated columnar cells or simple cuboidal cells
What is the primary function of the bronchial arteries?
To supply deoxygenated blood to the bronchi and their branches
Where do the distal branches of the bronchial arteries anastomose?
With the pulmonary arteries in the walls of the bronchioles
What is the primary function of the pulmonary veins?
To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Where are the pulmonary veins located anatomically?
Within the intersegmental connective tissue
What is the destination of the lower pulmonary vein?
The left atrium
What is the location of the upper left pulmonary vein in relation to the left atrium?
It enters the left side of the left atrium
What is the relationship between the pulmonary veins and the pulmonary arteries in the root of the lung?
The pulmonary veins are anterior to the pulmonary arteries and bronchi
What is the purpose of the bronchial arteries?
To supply oxygenated blood to the bronchi and their branches
What is the relationship between the bronchial arteries and the pulmonary arteries?
They are separate systems with distinct functions
What is the location of the upper right pulmonary vein in relation to the left atrium?
It enters the right side of the left atrium
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