Anatomy LE 3: Gross Anatomy and Histology of the Respiratory System

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What is the shape of the lungs?

Cylindrical

Pyramidal

Conical (correct)

Spherical

What is the function of the lungs in the process of respiration?

To filter out impurities from the air

To aid in digestion

To regulate body temperature

To oxygenate the blood (correct)

What is the number of lobes in the right lung?

1

4

2

3 (correct)

What is the name of the layer of the tracheal wall that is not visible in the diagram?

Adventitia Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of compartments in the thoracic cavity?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the mediastinum?

Between the two pulmonary cavities Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pleural membrane?

To line the pulmonary cavities and cover the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the surface of the lung that is in contact with the diaphragm?

Diaphragmatic surface Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium covers the upper nasal septum?

Olfactory epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium covers the lower nasal septum and nasopharynx?

Respiratory epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium covers the oral cavity, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx?

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium covers the lingual part of the epiglottis?

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium covers the rest of the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis?

Respiratory epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium covers the vocal fold of the larynx?

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis?

To prevent swallowed food from entering the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the core of the epiglottis?

Elastic cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the epithelium in bronchioles?

Nonciliated rounded/dome-shaped apical ends Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the secretion of surfactant lipoproteins and mucins in bronchioles?

To maintain the fluid layer on the epithelial surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the lamina propria in smaller bronchi?

Thin and elastic Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of the smooth muscle in smaller bronchi?

Permits contraction in both length and diameter Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the bronchioles?

Lack both mucosal glands and cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Where are the bronchioles located?

In the intralobular airways Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the enzymes of the SER in bronchioles?

To detoxify inhaled xenobiotic compounds Signup and view all the answers

After how many generations of branching do bronchioles form?

After 10th generation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the club cells in the terminal bronchiole epithelium?

To secrete antimicrobial peptides and cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are present in the terminal bronchiole epithelium, besides club cells?

Chemosensory brush cells and DNES small granule cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the epithelium in larger bronchioles?

Folded respiratory epithelium with prominent smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the terminal bronchioles in the respiratory tree?

They branch further and become the respiratory bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue supports larger bronchioles?

Fibrous connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells do club cells serve as progenitor stem cells for?

Damaged bronchiolar epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of club cells in terms of detoxification?

Detoxification of inhaled stimuli or toxic substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the epithelium in very small bronchioles?

Reduced to simple ciliated columnar cells or simple cuboidal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bronchial arteries?

To supply deoxygenated blood to the bronchi and their branches Signup and view all the answers

Where do the distal branches of the bronchial arteries anastomose?

With the pulmonary arteries in the walls of the bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary veins?

To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart Signup and view all the answers

Where are the pulmonary veins located anatomically?

Within the intersegmental connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the destination of the lower pulmonary vein?

The left atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the upper left pulmonary vein in relation to the left atrium?

It enters the left side of the left atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pulmonary veins and the pulmonary arteries in the root of the lung?

The pulmonary veins are anterior to the pulmonary arteries and bronchi Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the bronchial arteries?

To supply oxygenated blood to the bronchi and their branches Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the bronchial arteries and the pulmonary arteries?

They are separate systems with distinct functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the upper right pulmonary vein in relation to the left atrium?

It enters the right side of the left atrium Signup and view all the answers

Anatomy LE 3: Gross Anatomy and Histology of the Respiratory System

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Questions and Answers

What is the shape of the lungs?

What is the function of the lungs in the process of respiration?

What is the number of lobes in the right lung?

What is the name of the layer of the tracheal wall that is not visible in the diagram?

What is the number of compartments in the thoracic cavity?

What is the location of the mediastinum?

What is the function of the pleural membrane?

What is the name of the surface of the lung that is in contact with the diaphragm?

What type of epithelium covers the upper nasal septum?

What type of epithelium covers the lower nasal septum and nasopharynx?

What type of epithelium covers the oral cavity, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx?

What type of epithelium covers the lingual part of the epiglottis?

What type of epithelium covers the rest of the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis?

What type of epithelium covers the vocal fold of the larynx?

What is the function of the epiglottis?

What is the composition of the core of the epiglottis?

What is the characteristic of the epithelium in bronchioles?

What is the function of the secretion of surfactant lipoproteins and mucins in bronchioles?

What is the characteristic of the lamina propria in smaller bronchi?

What is the arrangement of the smooth muscle in smaller bronchi?

What is the characteristic of the bronchioles?

Where are the bronchioles located?

What is the function of the enzymes of the SER in bronchioles?

After how many generations of branching do bronchioles form?

What is the function of the club cells in the terminal bronchiole epithelium?

What type of cells are present in the terminal bronchiole epithelium, besides club cells?

What is the characteristic of the epithelium in larger bronchioles?

What is the characteristic of the terminal bronchioles in the respiratory tree?

What type of connective tissue supports larger bronchioles?

What type of cells do club cells serve as progenitor stem cells for?

What is the function of club cells in terms of detoxification?

What is the characteristic of the epithelium in very small bronchioles?

What is the primary function of the bronchial arteries?

Where do the distal branches of the bronchial arteries anastomose?

What is the primary function of the pulmonary veins?

Where are the pulmonary veins located anatomically?

What is the destination of the lower pulmonary vein?

What is the location of the upper left pulmonary vein in relation to the left atrium?

What is the relationship between the pulmonary veins and the pulmonary arteries in the root of the lung?

What is the purpose of the bronchial arteries?

What is the relationship between the bronchial arteries and the pulmonary arteries?

What is the location of the upper right pulmonary vein in relation to the left atrium?

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