Respiratory Diseases Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the medical term for difficulty breathing?

  • Apnea
  • Hypoxemia
  • Orthopnea
  • Dyspnea (correct)
  • Which condition is characterized by a blue color in the nail beds and lips?

  • Sputum
  • Orthopnea
  • Hypoxemia
  • Cyanosis (correct)
  • What term is used to describe coughing up blood?

  • Hemoptysis (correct)
  • Rales
  • Apnea
  • Clubbing
  • Which condition is related to poor distal circulation and can be identified by changes in the fingers and toes?

    <p>Clubbing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lung sounds are described as 'wet lungs' and are often due to fluid in smaller airways?

    <p>Crackles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Musical whistling' sounds during breathing are characteristic of which respiratory condition?

    <p>Stridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of epiglottitis as described in the text?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which upper respiratory disease is characterized by facial pain, nasal congestion, and sore throat?

    <p>Sinusitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment of choice for hoarseness or croup in children with turbulent airway movement?

    <p>Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which upper respiratory condition is described as life-threatening due to airway occlusion?

    <p>Epiglottitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the typical manifestations of infectious rhinitis according to the text?

    <p>Sneezing, nasal discharge, malaise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic sign of epiglottitis that differentiates it from other upper respiratory diseases?

    <p>Stridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of bronchiolitis?

    <p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which manifestation is typically associated with bronchiolitis?

    <p>Chest retractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of lobular pneumonia?

    <p>Confined to a single lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom in both epiglottitis and laryngotracheobronchitis?

    <p>Muffled voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pneumonia is most frequent?

    <p>Bacterial pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is more common in children under 3 years of age, especially males?

    <p>Laryngotracheobronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of aspiration pneumonia?

    <p>Inappropriate tubefeeding placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is community-acquired pneumonia different from nosocomial pneumonia?

    <p>Develops outside the hospital setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of epiglottitis?

    <p>Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition presents with a seal-like barking cough as one of its manifestations?

    <p>Laryngotracheobronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical position that a patient with epiglottitis assumes to facilitate breathing?

    <p>Sniffing position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease leads to increased mucus production, trapping air in the lung, and decreased oxygen exchange?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the blue color that appears in the nail beds and lips of patients with respiratory diseases?

    <p>Cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung sound is described as 'rattling, rumbling' and is associated with lower airway obstructions?

    <p>Rhonchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the state of not breathing, one of the signs and symptoms of respiratory diseases?

    <p>Apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by 'productive vs. nonproductive' coughing in patients with respiratory diseases?

    <p>Sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In respiratory diseases, what term is used to describe the phenomenon related to 'poor distal circulation' that causes changes in the fingers and toes?

    <p>Clubbing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Stridor' is typically associated with which serious complication in respiratory diseases?

    <p>Airway obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common infectious agent causing pneumonia in children?

    <p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can bronchiolitis lead to due to decreased oxygen exchange?

    <p>Respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates lobular pneumonia from bronchopneumonia?

    <p>Single lobe confinement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor distinguishes community-acquired pneumonia from nosocomial pneumonia?

    <p>Timing of onset post-hospital admission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom can be a result of pulmonary secretion stasis leading to pneumonia?

    <p>Atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key diagnostic method for bronchiolitis to identify the causative agent?

    <p>Mucous swab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of infectious rhinitis?

    <p>Sneezing and nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of sinusitis according to the text?

    <p>Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key symptom that distinguishes epiglottitis from other upper respiratory diseases?

    <p>Drooling and ashen color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which upper respiratory disease is characterized by inflammation of the sinus cavities?

    <p>Sinusitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of hoarseness or croup in children with turbulent airway movement?

    <p>Viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which manifestation is typical of acute rhinitis?

    <p>Epistaxis (nose bleed)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which respiratory condition can present with a tickling sensation and raw feeling in the throat as one of its manifestations?

    <p>Laryngotracheobronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is a seal-like barking cough a common manifestation, leading to airway narrowing and respiratory distress?

    <p>Croup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which upper respiratory disease can cause difficulty swallowing, painful swallowing, and a muffled voice as part of its presentation?

    <p>Epiglottitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung condition is characterized by increased production of mucus, trapping of air in the lung, decreased oxygen exchange, dyspnea, and wheezing?

    <p>Chronic Bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of epiglottitis that sets it apart from other upper respiratory diseases?

    <p>Muffled voice and painful swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease of the lungs leads to blue discoloration of the nail beds and lips due to oxygen deprivation?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark of tuberculosis primary infection?

    <p>Caseous necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is NOT typically used in pneumonia diagnosis?

    <p>Skin biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of tuberculosis?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which manifestation is most commonly associated with septicemia as a pneumonia complication?

    <p>Chills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between tuberculosis primary and secondary infections?

    <p>Reactivation of dormant bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which preventative measure is NOT recommended for avoiding pneumonia?

    <p><strong>Coughing</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) characterized by decreased lung function and memory issues?

    <p>Neurological deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical finding is NOT typically associated with Pulmonary Embolism?

    <p>Increased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Pulmonary Embolism related to lung diseases and pulmonary hypertension?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT a common manifestation of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lung cancer is almost exclusively seen in heavy smokers?

    <p>Small cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Cor pulmonale as related to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

    <p>Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is a distinguishing feature of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that sets it apart from other respiratory conditions?

    <p>Muscle wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung cancer type is considered the most aggressive and has subgroups like squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma?

    <p>Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of lung cancer complications that involves fluid accumulation?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is specific to lung cancer metastasis to other sites?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deadliest cancer that affects both men and women?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key genetic characteristic that leads to Cystic Fibrosis?

    <p>Mutation on the seventh chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common manifestation of Atelectasis?

    <p>Audible rhonchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key diagnostic method for identifying Pleural Effusion?

    <p>Thoracentesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method is specifically associated with managing Emphysema?

    <p>Pursed-lip breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which manifestation is most commonly seen in individuals with Cystic Fibrosis?

    <p>Steatorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of Cystic Fibrosis related to lung damage?

    <p>Atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by excess fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity?

    <p>Empyema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of ARDS among respiratory diseases?

    <p>Rapidly developing respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of Pulmonary Edema?

    <p>Pink frothy sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Cor Pulmonale?

    <p>Right-sided heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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