Respiratory Diseases Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the medical term for difficulty breathing?

  • Apnea
  • Hypoxemia
  • Orthopnea
  • Dyspnea (correct)

Which condition is characterized by a blue color in the nail beds and lips?

  • Sputum
  • Orthopnea
  • Hypoxemia
  • Cyanosis (correct)

What term is used to describe coughing up blood?

  • Hemoptysis (correct)
  • Rales
  • Apnea
  • Clubbing

Which condition is related to poor distal circulation and can be identified by changes in the fingers and toes?

<p>Clubbing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lung sounds are described as 'wet lungs' and are often due to fluid in smaller airways?

<p>Crackles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Musical whistling' sounds during breathing are characteristic of which respiratory condition?

<p>Stridor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of epiglottitis as described in the text?

<p>Influenza (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which upper respiratory disease is characterized by facial pain, nasal congestion, and sore throat?

<p>Sinusitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment of choice for hoarseness or croup in children with turbulent airway movement?

<p>Steroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which upper respiratory condition is described as life-threatening due to airway occlusion?

<p>Epiglottitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical manifestations of infectious rhinitis according to the text?

<p>Sneezing, nasal discharge, malaise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign of epiglottitis that differentiates it from other upper respiratory diseases?

<p>Stridor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of bronchiolitis?

<p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which manifestation is typically associated with bronchiolitis?

<p>Chest retractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of lobular pneumonia?

<p>Confined to a single lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom in both epiglottitis and laryngotracheobronchitis?

<p>Muffled voice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pneumonia is most frequent?

<p>Bacterial pneumonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is more common in children under 3 years of age, especially males?

<p>Laryngotracheobronchitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of aspiration pneumonia?

<p>Inappropriate tubefeeding placement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is community-acquired pneumonia different from nosocomial pneumonia?

<p>Develops outside the hospital setting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of epiglottitis?

<p>Bacterial infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition presents with a seal-like barking cough as one of its manifestations?

<p>Laryngotracheobronchitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical position that a patient with epiglottitis assumes to facilitate breathing?

<p>Sniffing position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease leads to increased mucus production, trapping air in the lung, and decreased oxygen exchange?

<p>Emphysema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the blue color that appears in the nail beds and lips of patients with respiratory diseases?

<p>Cyanosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lung sound is described as 'rattling, rumbling' and is associated with lower airway obstructions?

<p>Rhonchi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the state of not breathing, one of the signs and symptoms of respiratory diseases?

<p>Apnea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by 'productive vs. nonproductive' coughing in patients with respiratory diseases?

<p>Sputum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In respiratory diseases, what term is used to describe the phenomenon related to 'poor distal circulation' that causes changes in the fingers and toes?

<p>Clubbing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Stridor' is typically associated with which serious complication in respiratory diseases?

<p>Airway obstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common infectious agent causing pneumonia in children?

<p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can bronchiolitis lead to due to decreased oxygen exchange?

<p>Respiratory failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates lobular pneumonia from bronchopneumonia?

<p>Single lobe confinement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor distinguishes community-acquired pneumonia from nosocomial pneumonia?

<p>Timing of onset post-hospital admission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom can be a result of pulmonary secretion stasis leading to pneumonia?

<p>Atelectasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key diagnostic method for bronchiolitis to identify the causative agent?

<p>Mucous swab (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of infectious rhinitis?

<p>Sneezing and nasal congestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of sinusitis according to the text?

<p>Bacterial infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key symptom that distinguishes epiglottitis from other upper respiratory diseases?

<p>Drooling and ashen color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which upper respiratory disease is characterized by inflammation of the sinus cavities?

<p>Sinusitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of hoarseness or croup in children with turbulent airway movement?

<p>Viral infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which manifestation is typical of acute rhinitis?

<p>Epistaxis (nose bleed) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which respiratory condition can present with a tickling sensation and raw feeling in the throat as one of its manifestations?

<p>Laryngotracheobronchitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is a seal-like barking cough a common manifestation, leading to airway narrowing and respiratory distress?

<p>Croup (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which upper respiratory disease can cause difficulty swallowing, painful swallowing, and a muffled voice as part of its presentation?

<p>Epiglottitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lung condition is characterized by increased production of mucus, trapping of air in the lung, decreased oxygen exchange, dyspnea, and wheezing?

<p>Chronic Bronchitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of epiglottitis that sets it apart from other upper respiratory diseases?

<p>Muffled voice and painful swallowing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease of the lungs leads to blue discoloration of the nail beds and lips due to oxygen deprivation?

<p>Emphysema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of tuberculosis primary infection?

<p>Caseous necrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is NOT typically used in pneumonia diagnosis?

<p>Skin biopsy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of tuberculosis?

<p>Bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which manifestation is most commonly associated with septicemia as a pneumonia complication?

<p>Chills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between tuberculosis primary and secondary infections?

<p>Reactivation of dormant bacilli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which preventative measure is NOT recommended for avoiding pneumonia?

<p><strong>Coughing</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) characterized by decreased lung function and memory issues?

<p>Neurological deficits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical finding is NOT typically associated with Pulmonary Embolism?

<p>Increased appetite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Pulmonary Embolism related to lung diseases and pulmonary hypertension?

<p>Pulmonary hypertension (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a common manifestation of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

<p>Nausea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lung cancer is almost exclusively seen in heavy smokers?

<p>Small cell carcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Cor pulmonale as related to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

<p>Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is a distinguishing feature of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that sets it apart from other respiratory conditions?

<p>Muscle wasting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lung cancer type is considered the most aggressive and has subgroups like squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma?

<p>Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation of lung cancer complications that involves fluid accumulation?

<p>Anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is specific to lung cancer metastasis to other sites?

<p>Weight loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the deadliest cancer that affects both men and women?

<p>Lung cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key genetic characteristic that leads to Cystic Fibrosis?

<p>Mutation on the seventh chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common manifestation of Atelectasis?

<p>Audible rhonchi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key diagnostic method for identifying Pleural Effusion?

<p>Thoracentesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is specifically associated with managing Emphysema?

<p>Pursed-lip breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which manifestation is most commonly seen in individuals with Cystic Fibrosis?

<p>Steatorrhea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of Cystic Fibrosis related to lung damage?

<p>Atelectasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by excess fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity?

<p>Empyema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of ARDS among respiratory diseases?

<p>Rapidly developing respiratory failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Pulmonary Edema?

<p>Pink frothy sputum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Cor Pulmonale?

<p>Right-sided heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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