Respiratory Diseases Overview

Study Notes

Causes of Inflammation in the Bronchi and Lungs

Main cause of inflammation in the bronchi and lungs is exposure to irritants such as allergens, pollutants, and smoking.

Factors in Bronchial Asthma

Allergens play a significant role in the occurrence of bronchial asthma, triggering hyperreactivity in the airways.

Aerodynamic Filtration

The main function of aerodynamic filtration is to trap and remove particulates and pathogens from inhaled air, protecting the alveoli and lower respiratory tract.

Agents Causing Inflammatory Diseases

Other agents leading to inflammatory diseases of the bronchi and lungs include environmental pollutants, allergens, and irritants, aside from viruses and bacteria.

Distinguishing Feature of Respiratory Diseases

A hallmark of respiratory diseases is the presence of abnormal respiratory sounds, such as wheezing or crackles, that indicate airway obstruction or inflammation.

Hereditary Factors in Respiratory Diseases

Hereditary factors can predispose individuals to respiratory diseases, often manifesting through conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Humoral Factors of Local Protection

Humoral factors of local protection in the respiratory system include antibodies and cytokines that help mediate immune responses against pathogens.

Cellular Factors of Local Protection

Cellular factors involve immune cells, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, that directly engage and eliminate pathogens in the respiratory tract.

Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases

Important diagnostic methods include pulmonary function tests, imaging studies (like chest X-rays), and bronchoscopy to assess lung function and structure.

Acute Bronchitis Characterization

Acute bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchi, often resulting from viral infections or irritants, leading to persistent coughing and mucus production.

Etiological Factors of Acute Bronchitis

Viral infections, particularly those caused by influenza or rhinovirus, are noted as potential etiological factors for acute bronchitis.

Effects on the Mucous Membrane in Acute Bronchitis

In acute bronchitis, the mucous membrane of the bronchi becomes inflamed and swollen, resulting in increased mucus production and narrowed airways.

Manifestation of Acute Bronchitis

Acute bronchitis can manifest as a complication of upper respiratory tract infections, as inflammation extends into the bronchial airways.

Description

Test your knowledge about the various clinical and morphological manifestations, etiological factors, and biological pathogens related to respiratory diseases. Explore the characteristics and factors leading to the development of diseases of the respiratory organs.