Respiratory Diseases Caused by Smoking

Questions and Answers

Each bronchus divides repeatedly and ends in very fine ______.

bronchioles

At the end of the bronchioles are clusters of air sacs known as ______.

alveoli

The walls of the alveoli form the respiratory surfaces for ______ exchange.

gaseous

The ______ is a sheet of muscular tissue attached to the thoracic cavity.

diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Breathing is also known as ______.

ventilation Signup and view all the answers

During inhalation, the diaphragm ______ and flattens.

contracts Signup and view all the answers

During exhalation, the diaphragm ______ and arches upwards.

relaxes Signup and view all the answers

The volume of the thoracic cavity ______ during inhalation.

increases Signup and view all the answers

Air pressure inside the lungs is ______ than the atmospheric pressure during inhalation.

lower Signup and view all the answers

The concentration of ______ in blood stimulates the breathing rate.

carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory Diseases Caused by Smoking

Chronic Bronchitis

Caused by smoking and inhalation of polluted air.
Characterized by paralysis of cilia and inflammation of trachea and bronchi membranes.
Results in excessive mucus production, chronic cough, and breathing difficulties.
Airways become narrowed, increasing susceptibility to infections.
Can progress to emphysema and lung failure.

Emphysema

Develops from chronic bronchitis and is primarily caused by smoking.
Involves breakdown of alveoli partition walls and enlargement of alveoli, reducing surface area.
Lungs lose elasticity, leading to difficulty in breathing.
Can cause strain on the heart due to breathing difficulties.
Lung tissue damage is irreversible.

Parts of the Respiratory System

Overview

Consists of upper and lower respiratory tracts: includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

Key Organs and Functions

Larynx: Voice box that contains vocal cords and serves as an air passage for sound production.
Trachea: Windpipe, approximately 12 cm long, reinforced by C-shaped cartilage rings to prevent collapse.
Bronchi: Trachea divides into two bronchi, directing air to each lung.
Bronchioles: Fine divisions of bronchi that facilitate air passage to alveoli.
Alveoli: Clusters of air sacs where gaseous exchange occurs with capillaries.
Diaphragm: Muscular sheet altering thoracic cavity volume to support breathing.

Ciliated Cells and Mucus

Airways lined with ciliated cells and goblet cells (mucus-secreting).
Mucus traps inhaled dust and bacteria.
Cilia sweep mucus towards the pharynx for swallowing.

Breathing Mechanism

Inhalation Process

Diaphragm contracts and flattens.
External intercostal muscles contract while internal intercostal muscles relax.
Ribs move upwards and outwards, increasing thoracic cavity volume.
Decreased air pressure in the lungs draws air in.

Exhalation Process

Diaphragm relaxes and arches upwards.
Internal intercostal muscles contract while external intercostal muscles relax.
Ribs move downwards and inwards, decreasing thoracic cavity volume.
Increased air pressure in the lungs forces air out.

Breathing Regulation

Breathing stimulus primarily based on carbon dioxide concentration in the blood.
Oxygen concentration does not significantly affect breathing rate.

Description

This quiz explores the causes, signs, and symptoms of chronic bronchitis, particularly focusing on the impact of smoking and pollution. Understand how these factors affect respiratory health and recognize the key features of this disease. Prepare to test your knowledge on the effects of smoking on the respiratory system.