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What is the recommended humidity level to maintain optimal air quality for asthma prevention?
Which of the following is NOT recommended to reduce mold exposure in indoor environments?
In managing anemia, which of the following is a common cause due to increased destruction of red blood cells?
Effective nursing interventions for anemia remain the same despite differing causes. This statement is:
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Which strategy is recommended for decreasing dander exposure in a household with pets?
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What common dietary issue can lead to iron deficiency anemia?
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Which of the following strategies is NOT effective for indoor allergen reduction?
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What is a critical role of collaboration in managing asthma effectively?
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What is the primary risk factor for developing chronic bronchitis?
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Which of the following is a potential consequence of high CO2 levels in COPD patients?
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What is the purpose of using a Venturi mask in oxygen administration for COPD patients?
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Which intervention is recommended to manage dyspnea in COPD patients?
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Which assessment method is recommended for evaluating gas exchange in COPD patients?
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What psychological intervention can be beneficial for COPD patients experiencing anxiety?
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What might indicate a complication of COPD related to infection?
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Which method is effective in preventing weight loss in COPD patients?
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What does a PEF reading in the red zone indicate?
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Which of the following factors contributes to the differences in the pediatric respiratory system compared to adults?
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In pediatric asthma, which statement is true regarding the prevalence of the condition?
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What is a key characteristic of asthma as described in the content?
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Which anatomical feature is not associated with the upper airway?
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What should be prioritized after a PEF reading indicates the red zone?
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Which of the following is not a symptom of asthma pathophysiology?
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Which of the following is a significant challenge in pediatric asthma management?
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What defines poorly controlled asthma in a patient experiencing daytime symptoms?
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Which of the following medication classes is primarily used for immediate relief of asthma symptoms?
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What is a key feature that indicates a need for close follow-up in asthma management?
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Which classification of asthma is characterized by symptoms occurring more than twice a week but not daily?
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of asthma therapeutic management?
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What is the primary purpose of IgE skin testing in asthmatic patients?
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What indicates the presence of eosinophils in the assessment of asthma?
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In asthma management, how should triggers be managed?
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Which of the following is a leukotriene inhibitor used in long-term asthma management?
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What is the treatment for a patient experiencing status asthmaticus?
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Which medication is a combination of a corticosteroid and a long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist?
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Which of the following symptoms indicates the need for emergency treatment in asthma?
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Which of the following environmental modifications can help manage asthma symptoms?
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What is the primary action of xanthines like theophylline in asthma treatment?
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How frequently should Omalizumab (Zolair) be administered for asthma management?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign of worsening asthma that requires emergency care?
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Study Notes
Chronic Bronchitis and COPD Overview
- Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
- Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and asthma also contribute as risk factors.
- Complications of COPD include hypoxemia, acidosis, respiratory infections, cardiac failure (cor pulmonale), dysrhythmias, and respiratory failure.
Assessment and Signs
- Important historical factors include smoking history, breathing problems, activity level, and weight.
- Recognizable signs in physical assessment include barrel chest appearance and respiratory/cardiac changes.
Laboratory Assessments
- Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) should be monitored for hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
- Aim for oxygen saturation (O2 sats) between 88-92% for safety.
- Oxygen delivery should use a Venturi mask to control the amount delivered to avoid complications.
Dyspnea Management
- Small, high-calorie meals are recommended to manage weight loss in COPD patients.
- Techniques such as pursed lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing are suggested to ease dyspnea and anxiety.
Environmental Modifications
- Mold management strategies include using mold inhibitors, ensuring proper ventilation, and controlling humidity levels below 35%.
- Avoiding indoor plants and maintaining dust control measures can also prevent exacerbations.
Asthma Overview
- Asthma is a chronic, reversible obstructive airway disease characterized by airway inflammation and increased responsiveness to various stimuli.
- The highest incidence occurs in children aged 10-17, with a prevalence of 8.3% in the U.S. population, notably higher in African American communities and urban areas.
Assessment in Asthma
- Key symptoms include daytime wheezing, dyspnea, and nighttime awakenings due to respiratory distress.
- Asthma is classified into four categories: intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, and severe persistent.
Therapeutic Management
- The primary goal is to improve airflow and gas exchange.
- Treatment includes recognizing early signs of asthma episodes, adherence to an asthma action plan, avoiding triggers, and administering medications.
- Medications are divided into rescue drugs (e.g., SABA like Albuterol) for acute attacks and control therapy drugs (e.g., inhaled corticosteroids) for long-term prevention.
Emergency Situations
- Signs requiring emergency treatment include worsening symptoms, lack of improvement after rescue medication, difficulty breathing, and signs of inadequate oxygenation (gray or blue lips).
- Status asthmaticus is a life-threatening condition that may require IV fluids, bronchodilators, steroids, and possibly intubation.
Environmental Management for Asthma
- House modifications for allergy management involve using dust-proof covers, washing bedding in hot water, and replacing carpets with hard flooring.
- Maintaining household humidity levels between 40-50% can help mitigate asthma triggers.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of Chronic Bronchitis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It includes risk factors, complications, assessment signs, and management strategies. Test your understanding of how to manage this chronic condition effectively.
